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biol 1307 > reproduction connect > Flashcards

reproduction connect Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following hormones stimulates uterine contractions during the birth process in mammals?

A

oxytocin

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2
Q

Maintenance of the uterine lining during pregnancy in mammals requires

A

progesterone

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3
Q

A ____ oocyte is released from the ovary

A

secondary

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4
Q

finger-like extensions called ____ receive the egg as it leaves the ovary

A

fimbriae

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5
Q

if fertilization occurs, it normally occurs in the ______

A

oviduct

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6
Q

a fertilized egg begins to divide as it moves toward the _____

A

uterus

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7
Q

a fertilized egg may be implant in the ______ layer

A

endometrial

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8
Q

sexual reproduction

A

increases genetic variation

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9
Q

what is the function of the mitochondria in the case of the sperm?

A

to provide energy for movement

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10
Q

What role(s) does meiosis play in gametogenesis? Check all that apply

A
  • meiosis reduces the number of chromosomes by half
  • meiosis allows equal genetic contributions from each parent
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11
Q

which of the choices lists the three phases of the ovarian cycle in the correct order?

A

follicular; ovulation; luteal

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12
Q

in what order do sperm move through the structures of the female reproductive tract?

A

vagina; cervix; uterus; oviduct

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13
Q

fertilization of an ovum normally occurs in the

A

oviduct

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14
Q

which of the following ovarian hormones is involved in a positive feedback loop with the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary?

A

estrogen

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15
Q

T/F: a positive feedback loop causes a self-amplifying cycle where a physiological change leads to even greater change in the same direction

A

true

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16
Q

what do you predict would occur if the ovary was inhibited from releasing progesterone

A

the positive feedback cycle of gonadotropin releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone, and estrogen would continue

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17
Q

if the hypothalamus was not inhibited by estrogen, which pathway would be interrupted first?

A
  • release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus
  • release of luteinizing hormone from the anterior pituitary
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18
Q

if gonadotropin releasing hormone was removed from the system, what do you predict would occur to the levels of estrogen being released into the bloodstream?

A

lower amounts of luteinizing hormone would be released and therefore lower amounts of estrogen would be produced

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19
Q

what is true of the corpus luteum

A

secretions of the corpus luteum prepare the uterus for implantation of the embryo

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20
Q

which part of the mammalian sperm contains the nucleus

A

head

21
Q

T/F: implantation of the blastocyst into the uterine wall is correlated with the degeneration of the corpus luteum

A

false

22
Q

spermatogenesis occurs in the

A

seminiferous tubules

23
Q

which of the following is a correct sequence of cells in spermatogenesis?

A

spermatogonium -> primary spermatocyte -> secondary spermatocyte

24
Q

what would you predict is the fate of the daughter spermatogonium that resulted from the first mitotic division?

A

the daughter spermatogonium would go through a mitotic division producing another daughter spermatogonium and a primary spermatocyte

25
Q

after the second meiotic event, imagine you observed spermatids with 12 chromosomes. what would the primary spermatocyte have for a chromosome count

A

24

26
Q

prior to the first meiotic event, you observed a spermatocyte with 12 chromosomes. what would spermatids have for a chromosome count?

A

6

27
Q

germ cells in the testes produce 2n cells called _____

A

spermatogonia

28
Q

meiosis begins with primary _____

A

spermatocytes

29
Q

meiosis 1 ends with the production of ______ spermatocytes, which are the first haploid cells in the process

A

secondary

30
Q

meiosis 2 results in the production of 4 haploid _____

A

spermatids

31
Q

maturation of sperm occurs in the ______ tubules

A

seminiferous

32
Q

what are the 3 glands that produce the liquid portion of semen?

A

prostate; seminal vesicles; bulbourethral

33
Q

when a primary follicle enlarges, and there are several layers of granulosa cells, it is called a

A

secondary follicle

34
Q

which of the following has an antrum?

A

mature follicle

35
Q

during the menstrual cycle, the oocyte is released from the follicle. In what organ does the follicle develop, and what is the immediate destination of the oocyte?

A

the follicle develops in the ovary and the oocyte will travel to the fallopian tube

36
Q

there are two phases to the menstrual cycle. identify events that occur concurrently with the follicular phase

A
  • development of fluid filled vessicles
  • development of the mature (tertiary) follicle
37
Q

there are two phases to the human menstrual cycle. identify the events that occur during the luteal phase

A
  • presence of corpus albicans
  • presence of the corpus lueteum
  • rapid growth of granulosa cells
38
Q

budding

A
  • the new individual forms on the exterior of parent
  • occurs in cnidarians
39
Q

parthenogenesis

A
  • the new individual is usually haploid
  • occurs in social insects
40
Q

regeneration

A
  • occurs in flatworms
  • the new individual is formed from a parental fragment
41
Q

asexual reproduction…

A
  • only one parent is involved
  • parthenogenesis
  • offspring are clones of the parent
  • budding
  • fragmentation
  • offspring may be haploid
42
Q

sexual reproduction…

A
  • gametes fuse
  • independent assortment of alleles
  • offspring differ from each other and their parents
  • method of most eukaryotes
43
Q

place the events of oocyte maturation in the correct sequence

A
  1. several primary oocytes begin to mature within growing follicles
  2. one primary oocyte completes meiosis 1 to form a secondary oocyte
  3. the secondary oocyte begins meiosis 2 and is released as ovulation occurs and the follicle ruptures
  4. the corpus luteum develops from the follicle remnants
  5. if fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates
44
Q

which of the following lists the structures of the male reproductive tract in the proper order from sperm production to ejaculation?

A

seminiferous tubules; epididymis; vas deferens; ejaculatory duct; urethra

45
Q

in female mammals, germ cells

A

are arrested in meiosis 1 until puberty

46
Q

what are the advantages of internal fertilization

A
  • it provides protection from the environment and predators
  • the proximity of sperm and eggs is guaranteed
47
Q

what is true of semen

A
  • it assists with sperm survival and motility
  • it contains fructose
48
Q

once an egg has been fertilized, what event is crucial for preventing additional sperm from inserting DNA into the egg

A

the cortical reaction

biol 1307 (10 decks)

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