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biol 1307 > meiosis connect > Flashcards

meiosis connect Flashcards

1
Q

Arrange the following events in the proper order in which they occur during meiosis I.
1 = Separation of homologous chromosomes
2 = Synapsis
3 = Crossing-over
4 = Random assortment of chromosomes on metaphase plate

A

2,3,4,1

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2
Q

Which of the following describes meiosis II in humans?

A

1N –> 1N

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3
Q

In germline cells, when does DNA replicate?

A

during the s phase

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4
Q

If a homologous pair of chromosomes fails to separate during meiosis I, what will be the result

A

two gametes will have two fo the affected chromosomes and two gametes will have zero of the affected chromosomes

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5
Q

sister chromatids separate in

A

mitosis and meiosis 2

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6
Q

Daughter cells produced in meiosis have

A

half the number of chromosomes as daughter cells produced in mitosis

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7
Q

homologous chromosomes pair together to form a

A

bivalent

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8
Q

the process of pairing of homologous chromosomes is called

A

synapsis

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9
Q

in each bivalent, there would be a total of ____ centromere(s)

A

two

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10
Q

in a bivalent, you should be able to see _____ total sister chromatids

A

four

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11
Q

a physical exchange of material between two homologous chromosomes is called _____ _____

A

crossing over

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12
Q

the visible evidence that the exchange of genetic material has occurred is called a ______

A

chiasma

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13
Q

metaphase 1/anaphase 1 of meiosis

A
  • bivalents are formed
  • the # of chromosomes will be reduced overall
  • crossing over occurred just before
  • homologous chromosomes separate from one another
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14
Q

metaphase/anaphase of mitosis

A
  • centromeres will divide into two
  • the # of chromosomes stays the same overall
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15
Q

mitosis and meiosis

A
  • a cell division follows
  • telophase will follow
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16
Q

the spindle apparatus is fully formed by the end of

A

prometaphase 2

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17
Q

Separation of _________blank occurs in anaphase II of meiosis

A

sister chromatids

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18
Q

At the end of meiosis II, there are

A

four haploid cells, with each chromosome consisting of a single chromatid

19
Q

Why are two phases of meiosis necessary?

A

in order to both reduce the chromosome # and separate sister chromatids

20
Q

Meiosis II separates sister chromatids. What might make sister chromatids differ from each other?

A

if sister chromatids were recombined during crossing over

21
Q

If sister chromatids failed to separate during meiosis II, what would the resulting gametes look like?

A

two gametes will be normal, one gamete will have two of the affected chromosomes, and one gamete will have zero of the affected chromosomes

22
Q

Synapsis is the side-by-side alignment of

A

homologous chromosomes

23
Q

At the end of meiosis I, each daughter cell is

A

haploid, and each chromosome consists of two chromatids

24
Q

During anaphase I of meiosis, _________blank move toward opposite cell poles, whereas during anaphase II of meiosis, _________blank are separated

A
  • homologous chromosomes
  • sister chromatids
25
Q

During which stage of meiosis would you find a haploid cell containing 1/4 as much DNA as its mother cell had when meiosis I began?

A

telophase 2

26
Q

During which stage of meiosis would you find a cell with a diploid chromosome number and recombinant chromosomes?

A

metaphase 1

27
Q

Random orientation of homologous chromosomes occurs in _________blank of meiosis.

A

metaphase 1

28
Q

Consider a cell that has four pairs of chromosomes. How many orientations of all chromosomes are possible during meiosis I in that cell?

A

16

29
Q

Consider a cell that has three pairs of chromosomes. What fraction of the gametes produced from this cell will contain only maternal chromosomes?

A

18
- 2^3

30
Q

Random orientation of chromosomes during meiosis increases the amount of variation in the next generation. What other process during meiosis leads to an increase in variation in the next generation?

A

crossing over between homologous chromosomes

31
Q

Consider a cell that has a diploid chromosome number of 10 (2n = 10). How many possible genetically distinct gametes can this cell produce?

A

32
- 2^5

32
Q

Which of the following features are unique to meiosis?

A

synapsis, homologous recombination, and reduction division

33
Q

A crossover in meiosis is an exchange of genetic material between

A

nonsister chromatids of homologous chromosomes

34
Q

The four daughter cells produced in meiosis

A

have one of each pair of chromosomes found in the parent cell

35
Q

Crossing over is possible due to what event that occurs in meiosis I but not mitosis?

A

synapsis

36
Q

The function of sexual reproduction is to increase variation within populations. Meiosis is the molecular mechanism that leads to sexual reproduction. As such, some of the features that make it unique lead to genetic diversity. Which of these unique features are responsible for increasing genetic diversity?

A

homologous recombination and reduction division

37
Q

The first division of meiosis is called a reduction division. This is because

A

the mother cell is diploid, but the products of the first division are haploid

38
Q

Which of the following events occur during prophase I?

A

breakdown of nuclear envelope, condensation of chromosomes, and movement of centrosomes

39
Q

How many bivalents are formed in a cell with 20 chromosomes at the beginning of meiosis I?

A

10

40
Q

Which of the following events occur during anaphase I?

A

separation of homologous chromosomes

41
Q

How can you compare the collection of DNA in an interphase (G1) diploid cell and a cell that has just completed meiosis I?

A

they have the same amount of DNA, but the meiotic cell has half as many chromosomes

42
Q

In meiosis I

A

homologous chromosome pairs are separated, producing haploid daughter cells

43
Q

A 2n = 6 germline cell completes meiosis I. Each daughter cell

A

contains three chromosomes, each composed of two sister chromatids

biol 1307 (10 decks)

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