Reproduction and Human Development Flashcards
What are the 3 parts of cell theory?
- all organisms are made up of one or more cells
- all cells cary on life activities
- new cells arise from other living cells by the process of cell division
the cell wall is what?
which cell is it found in?
cell wall is a dead layer that protects and shapes the cell
it is found in the plant cells
what is a cell membrane?
what cell is it found in?
the cell membrane is a living layer that controls the movement and materials in and out of the cell
it is found in both cells
what is cytoplasm?
what cell is it found in?
cytoplasm is a jelly substance that provides a place for the organelles and granules to work
it is found in both cells
what is chloroplast
which cells is it found in
chloroplast is chlorophyll that traps light energy and makes photosynthesis happen
it is found in plant cells
what are mitochondria
what cells are the found in
mitochondria are what provided energy for the cell
it is found in both cells
what are vacuoles
what cells are they found in
a vacuole is what contains the proteins and minerals inside the cell
they are found in both cells but plant cells have larger ones then animals cells
what is a nucleus
what cells are they found in
a nucleus has 3 parts
the nucleus itself is what contains the dna
the nuclear membrane is what protects the nucleus
the nuclear pores is what allows molecules to move in and out of the nucleus
the nucleolus is inside of the nucleus and it contains the info to separate protein
this is all found in both cells
near the edge of cell in animals
in middle of cell in plant
what is an organelle in general
an organelle is very small and is found in the cytoplasm
each organelle has its own function
what are endoplasmic reticulum (e.r)
what cell is it found in
e.r is what transports the materials in the cell there are smooth e.r and rough e.r smooth=no ribosomes rough =ribosomes found in both cells
What are ribosomes
which cells are the found in
a ribosome a protein synthesis
it is found in rough e.r or on its own
found in both cells
what is a golgi brodie/golgi apparatus
what cell are they found in
golgi apparatuses are storage, packaging and processing centres for the cell
found in both
what are microtubules
what cell are the in
microtubules are the skeleton of the cell, they give shape and structure to it
found in both
what are lysosomes
what cells are the found in
lysosomes help digest the enzymes in the cell
they are found in both cells but mostly animal cells
what is the first function of cell division
healing and tissue repair
- continues to replace damaged or dying cells
- you need to have different cells or else you’d shrivel up and die
what is the second function of cell division
growth
- your growth depends on cell division
- the bigger amount of cells on organism, the bigger you’ll be
- as cells are continuously growing, if the cell gets too big it won’t work as well, so they divide
what is the third function of cell division
reproduction of organisms
- the division of cells is vital to reproduce organisms
- we all start as one cell(egg) and are now made of a trillion
- single celles organisms can only reproduce but cell division
what is the cells cycle
- all cells come from pre-exciting cells
- cells alternate stages of dividing and not dividing
- it will spend most of its time in interphase collecting proteins and materials to grow and divide
- it then goes through mitosis
what is cancer and what causes it
cancer is uncontrolled cell division
it is caused by damaged dna
what’s the difference between a benign tumour and a malignant tumour
benign tumour= non cancerous, does not spread, less dangerous
malignant tumour=cancerous, can spread, more dangerous
what are some characteristics of cancer cells
lack differentiation
has abnormal nuclei
forms tumours
5 examples fo was to prevent cancer
eat healthy exercise stay tobacco free low fat diet avoid sun exposure
what is mitosis
process of the nuclear material (chromosomes) in the cell is divided
what is the first stage of mitosis
explain
interphase
cell grows and is preparing for cell division and duplication of the chromosomes
