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Final Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is matter

A

Anything that takes up space and has a mass

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2
Q

What can matter be measured in

A

Mass (amount is substance)

Volume (amount of space occupied)

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3
Q

4 states of matter

A

Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma

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4
Q

Classifying matter

A 
Matter = particles
Particles = properties
Properties = characteristics that describe the substance
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5
Q

Pure substance

A

Made up of ONE particle
Elements = pure substance that cant be broken down (gold = g)
Compound = pure substance combining 2 or more elements (water = h2o)

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6
Q

Mixtures

A 
Mechanical = visible diff (heterogeneous)
Suspension = particles of one substance are held within the other, makes cloudy mixture (heterogeneous)
Solution = looks like 1 substance (homogeneous
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7
Q

Who is Dmitri Mendeleev

A

He organized the elements into a table
He gathered: colour, density, melting point, and reactivity
Sorted it into rows and columns

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8
Q

Who is Henry Moseley

A

He rearranged the periodic table according to atomic number

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9
Q

What are the rows and columns called in the periodic table

A 
Rows = periods
Columns = groups
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10
Q

What 2 categories is the periodic table divided into

A

Metals and non metals

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11
Q

Which atomic particles have a mass

A

Protons and neutrons mass unit of 1

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12
Q

Formula or calculating protons, neutrons, and electrons

A 
Protons = atomic number
Electrons = atomic number 
Neutrons = mass number - atomic number
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13
Q

What is an alloy

A

A mixture of two metals

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14
Q

What created the silver penny

A

The zinc coted the copper giving it that silver effect

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15
Q

What created the gold penny

A

The zinc atoms mixed with the copper atoms with heat, creating an alloy (not actual gold)

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16
Q

Adhesion

A

Physical property of water sticking to other substances

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17
Q

Chemical change

A

a change that forms a new substance

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18
Q

Chemical property

A

Characteristic of a substance that describes how it reacts when it changes into a new substance

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19
Q

Chemical reaction

A

When a chemical change occurs

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19
Q

Cohesion

A

Physical property of water sticking to itself

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19
Q

Combustible

A

Ability of a substance to react quickly with oxygen to produce heat or light

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19
Q

Medicine wheel

A

Way of First Nations to understand matter

19
Q

Physical property

A

Characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured without change

19
Q

Property

A

Characteristic that describes a substance

20
Q

Alkali metals

A 
Group 1
Grey ish colour
Low melting points
React easily with water
1 valence electron
21
Q

Bond

A

Attraction between atoms and ions

22
Q

Chemical formula

A

Formula that identifies which elements and how many atoms and ions are in a compound

23
Q

Covalent bond

A

Attraction of sharing electrons between atoms

24
Q

Diatomic molecule

A

Molecule that contains two atoms of the same element

HOFBrINCl

25
Q

Halogens

A

Group 17
Non metals
Very reactive as they have 1 spot left in their valence shell
Different colours
Usually gas or can be turned into a gas easily

26
Q

Ion

A

Atom or group of atoms with a charge as a result from losing or gaining electrons

27
Q

Ionic bond

A

Attraction of ions if opposite charges

Na+1 and Cl-1

28
Q

Ionic compound

A

Pure substance
Non metal and metal combine
Transfer electrons to support one another
Formed by a Cation and Anion
Cations (+) and Anions (-) are attracted to each other so they come together to form a compound

Properties:
high melting point
Solids

29
Q

Isotope

A

Element with a different atomic mass then normal

It’s neutrons change

30
Q

Metalloids

A

Part of group 13-16 (other metals and non metals
Lovely follow the stair case
Properties of metals and non metals
B Si Ge As Sb Te Po At

31
Q

Molecular compound

A 
Pure substance when non metals combine chemically 
Share electrons (covalent bond)

Properties:
Any state
Low boiling point poor conductors

32
Q

Molecule

A

Group of atoms that share atoms

33
Q

Noble gas

A

Group 18
Full valence electron shell
Not reactive
Colourless gases

34
Q

Relative mass

A

Mass of one object in comparison to another

35
Q

Transition metals

A

Group 3-12
Metals
Can forms ions of multiple different charges

36
Q

Alkaline earth metals

A

Contain 2 valence electrons
They lose those electrons
Form a +2 anion

37
Q

Other metals and non metals

A

Group 13-16

Contains metalloids

38
Q

Lanthanides

A

1st row in island

Metals

39
Q

Actinides

A

2nd row in island

Metals

40
Q

John Dalton

A

Each atom was a hard indestructible sphere

41
Q

J.J. Thomson

A

Has positive and negative charges

The charges are mixed throughout the atom

42
Q

Ernest Rutherford

A

Mostly empty
Nucleus
Electrons = outside of nucleus
Protons = inside of nucleus

43
Q

Niels Bohr

A

Electrons = in orbitals

44
Q

Differences between metals and non metals

A

Metals = form positive ion, conductors, malleable and ductible, shiny, room temp is solid

Non metals = form negative ion, room temp is everything, non conductors, brittle, non malleable

45
Q

Polyatomic ion

A

Ionic compound with more than 2 different elements

46
Q

List 5 examples of physical properties

A 
Colour
Melting/boiling point
Density
Texture
Hardness
47
Q

List 5 examples of chemical properties

A 
Forms gas when heated
Forms precipitate
Emits heat during reaction
Emits might during reaction
Reacts with acid
Reacts with water
48
Q

What are 5 clues a chemical change has occurred

A 
Colour change
Emits heat
Emits light
Forms a precipitate 
Difficult to reverse
49
Q

Physical change

A

Change in which case the substance does not result in a new substance

change in state is a physical change

Science (5 decks)

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