reproduction and development - part a Flashcards
gonads
organs that produce reproductive cells
- male: testes
- female: ovaries
SRY gene
sex-determining region Y gene
- regulates genes involved in the development of the male reproductive system
- suppresses the female genes
testes
- produce sperm
- produce male sex hormones (ex. testosterone)
- are stimulated by FSH and LH
seminiferous tubules
- where sperm cells are produced (within the testes)
- house the spermatogonium cells
spermatogonium
- 2n=46
diploid
mature into sperm
sertoli cells
- nourish the developing sperm cells
- in the testes
interstitial cells
- in the testes
- found outside/between the seminiferous tubules
- stimulates by LH
- produce testosterone
scrotum
- pouch of skin holding the testes
vas deferens
- carry sperm from the testes to the urethra
ejaculatory duct
- regulates the movement of sperm and fluids called semen
sexual excitement male
- parasympathetic nerve = erection
- sympatheticNS = ejaculation
(Point and Shoot)
flagellum sperm
- tail of sperm
acrosome
- cap of sperm cell
- filled with enzymes that dissolve the outer couting of the egg
midpiece of sperm
has numerous mitochondria to suppy energy
spermatogenesis
- sperm production
- stimulated by FSH
- occurs in the seminiferous tubule then moves to the epididymis to completely mature
- spermatogonium –> spermocytes –> sperm cells
- label a cross section of a testis! *
break
seminal vesicles
- releases fluid that contains:
- fructos - provides energy for the sperm cell
- prostaglandings - hormone that causes contractions of smooth muscles along the female reproductive tract
prostate gland
- releases fluid that contains:
- alkaline buffers to protect sperm cells from acidic vagina
cowper’s gland
- releases fluids that are:
- mucus rich
- also protects sperm from acids and assists sperm movement
testosterone
- made by the interstitial cells
- promotes the development of secondary sex characteristcs at puberty
- stimulates spermatogenesis
hormone chain of the male reproductive system
hypothalamus –> GnRH –> pituitary gland –> FSH and LH
- FSH –> testes –> sertoli cells + seminiferous tubules –> inhibin (-) feedback
- LH –> testes –> interstitial cells –> testosterone –stimulates–> FSH in the testes
(PG. 10 in the booklet)
ovaries
- where egg cells/ova mature
- produces estrogen and progesterone
fallopian tube
- pathway between the ovary and the uterus
- begins with fimbria to collect the egg
- lined with cilia (finger-like projections) to move the egg down
uterus
- made up of the myometrium and endometrium
- site of embryo development
myometrium
- permanent
- outside the endometrium of the uterus
endometrium
- inner lining of uterus
- is shed if not pregnant to get rid of egg
cervix
- muscular band that seperates the vagina from the uterus
- dilates during birth
vagina
- acidic to create a hostile environment for microbes
- where intercourse occurs
FSH
follicle-stimulating hormone
LH
lutenizing hormone
GnRH
gonadotropin releasing hormone
follicle
2 types of cells
- oocyte
- granulosa cells
oocyte
- in the follicle
- undergoes meiosis to become an ovum
granulosa cells
- in the follicle
- provides nutrients for the developing oocyte
ovarian cycle
(in the ovaries)
immature follicle –> developing follicles –> mature follicle –> release ovum –> corpus luteum –> dies off if not pregnant
the mentrual cycle phases
- flow phase
- follicular phase
- ovulation
- luteal phase
flow phase
- shedding of endometrium
- decrease in progesterone and estrogen
follicular phase
- development of follicles
- stimulated by FSH
ovulation
- stimulated by spike in LH
- oocyte bursts from the ovary
- the rest turn in to corpus luteum
luteal phase
- corpus luteum secretes progesterone and estrogen
hormone chain of the female reproductive system
hypothalamus –> GnRH –> pituitary gland –> FSH + LH
- FSH –> ovaries –> stimulates the development of follicles –> estrogen –> inhibin
- LH –> ovaries –> corpus luteum –> progesterone and estrogen (-) feedback
