Reproduction and development Flashcards
Gonads
primary reproductive organ in both male and female production of gametes sex cells. Ovary or testis
Gametes
Sex cells, Sperm and ovum or egg
Male gonads and gametes
Testis and sperm
Female Gonads and Gametes
Ovary and ovum or egg
describe a key difference between male and female gametes?
Eggs are some of the largest cells in the body, while sperm are quite small.
How are eggs transported through the female reproductive tract?
By smooth muscle contractions and the beating of cilia.
Which gene is often associated with “maleness” in genetic sex determination?
SRY gene.
How many gametes are formed from one primary spermatocyte?
4
What happens to the first polar body formed during female gametogenesis?
it disintegrates
Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the production of steroid sex hormones in the gonads?
Luteinizing hormone
where does fertilization occur in females?
The uterine tube
What layer of the uterus is responsible for contractions?
myometrium
What marks the beginning of the menstrual cycle?
Menstruation
Which hormone is dominant during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle?
progesterone
What happens to the corpus luteum if pregnancy does not occur?
it degenerates into the corpus albicans
Which phase of the uterine cycle corresponds to the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?
proliferative phase
Which hormone is primarily responsible for triggering ovulation?
Luteinizing hormone
What effect does estrogen have on the endometrium during the early follicular phase?
It stimulates the growth of the endometrium
What is the role of inhibin during the menstrual cycle?
To inhibit follicle stimulating hormone
How does progesterone affect the cervical mucus during the luteal phase?
progesterone thickens cervical mucus
What is the primary source of estrogen during the follicular phase?
Granulosa cells
What is the effect of an aromatase inhibitor on the ovarian cycle?
Decreased estrogen production
