Reproduction

Question 1

Types of asexual reproduction

Answer 1

Budding
Fragmentation
Fission
Parthenogenesis

Question 2

Testosterone

Answer 2

Spermatogenesis (seminiferous tubules)
Stimulation of growth (somatic)
Secondary sex characteristics
Primary sex characteristics
Brain behavioral changes

Question 3

Concealed ovulation

Answer 3

Reduced competitiveness among males and greater cooperation
Selection favoring monogamy
Reduction in infanticide
Climactic change driving hominids into Savanna’s

Question 4

Environmental cues

Answer 4

Proximate cues: photoperiod

Ultimate cues: temperature, rainfall, and humidity (affect availability of resources)

Question 5

Prolactin in birds

Answer 5

Precocial: Decreases rapidly from hatching
Altricial: declines gradually

Question 6

Lactating seals

Answer 6

Phocids: rapid transfer of high fat milk, and female does not feed during lactation (4-120 days)
Otariids: gradual transfer of low fat milk, between intensive foraging and suckling trips (4-36 months)

Question 7

Lactating marsupials

Answer 7

Tammar wallaby
Early lactation: high carbs, low lipids
Late lactation: low carbs, high lipids
Asynchronous dual lactation (akimbo dual wielding)

Question 8

Socially induced infertility

Answer 8

Primer pheromones

Stress