Osmoregulation Flashcards
Water gained by
Drinking
Eating
Metabolic water
Water lost by
Evaporation
Excretion
Respiration
Reproduction
Rate of ion and water movement
Surface-volume ratio (inversely proportional to size)
Integumentary permeability
Excretory factors
Temperature, exercise and respiration
Waterproofing of insect integument
Increases with: lipid quantity and hydrocarbon chain length
Decreases with: branching and unsaturation
Nephron types
Juxtamedullary - long loop of Henle, glomeruli in inner region of cortex
Cortical - short loop of henle, glomeruli in outer region of cortex
Kidney anatomy
Renal artery/vein Ureter Renal pelvis Cortex Medulla (renal pyramid)
Nephron anatomy
Afferent arteriole Efferent arteriole Bowman’s capsule Glomerulus (podocyte) Collecting duct Distal tubule
Determinants of glomerulus filtration rates
Muscular adjustments of afferent arteriole
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
Macular densa - monitor osmolarity and flow in distal tubule
Granular cells (juxtaglomerular cells) - secrete hormone renin
Indirectly affects blood pressure
ADH
More adh means higher water reabsorption
Alcohol decreases adh —> less reabsorption —> polyurea
Tubular secretion
Transport from plasma to tubular lumen
E.g. K ions, H ions, Ammonia
Ammonia excrete
Ammonotelic
Fish
Uric acid excrete
Uricotelic
Birds
Urea excrete
Ureotelic
Mammals
Some amino acids are retained as
Osmolyte
