Reproduction Flashcards
Autosomal cells are …
Diploid - contain 2 copies of each chromosome
Germ cells are
Haploid (n) - 1 copy of each chromosome
4 stages of the cell cycle
G1, S, G2, and M
Interphase stages
G1, S, G2
What does the cell do during the G0 stage?
Living and serving function without any preparation for division
Form of chromosomes during interphase
Chromatin - condensed
Events of G1 stage
- create organelles
- increase size
- contain restriction point
Events of S stage
- replicate genetic material
- twice as much DNA for G2
Events of G2 stage
- site of restriction point
- checks that there are enough organelles and cytoplasm
- checks that DNA replication was correct
Events of M stage
MITOSIS and CYTOKINESIS
Four stages of Mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
(Think PMAT)
G1/S checkpoint function and protein
- determines if cell is in good enough condition for synthesis
- p53 protein
G2/M checkpoint
- determines if cell has enough size and organelles
- p53
Molecules responsible for the cell cycle
Cyclins and cycling dependent kinases (CDK)
CDK’s are activated by :
Cyclins
An activated CDK-cyclin complex phosphorylates what?
Transcription factors
During cancer, there is often mutation of the _____________ gene that produces p53
TP53
Somatic cells are cells that
Are involved in sexual reproduction
Mitosis definition
Process by which 2 identical daughter cells are created from a single cell
