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MCAT Biology Review > Chp 1: The Cell > Flashcards

Chp 1: The Cell Flashcards

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1
Q

Linear DNA is wound around proteins known as

A

histones

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2
Q

site of rRNA synthesis

A

nucleolus of the nucleus

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3
Q

Cristae

A

foldings of the inner membrane of mitochondria

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4
Q

How are mitochondria different from other organelles?

A

they are semi autonomous and replicate independently of the nucleus via binary fission. contain some of own genes

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5
Q

cytoplasmic/ extranuclear inheritance

A

transmission of genetic material independent of the nucleus

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6
Q

lysosomes

A

contain hydrolytic enzymes to break down substrates

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7
Q

endosomes

A

transport, package, and sort cell material travelling to and from the membrane

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8
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

series of interconnected membranes contiguous with the nuclear envelope

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9
Q

smooth er function

A

lipid synthesis and detoxification

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10
Q

rough ER

A

contains ribosomes for protein synthesis

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11
Q

Golgi apparatus

A
  • receives materials from ER
  • modifies cell products
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12
Q

Peroxisomes function

A
  • contain hydrogen peroxide to break down long chain fatty acids via beta oxidation
  • synthesis of phospholipids
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13
Q

Cytoskeleton function

A
  • provides structure to cell
  • aids transport of materials around cell via
  • microtubules
  • microfilaments
  • intermediate filaments
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14
Q

MICROFILAMENT component and functions

A
  • Made of ACTIN
  • cytokinesis
  • form cleavage furrow during mitosis
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15
Q

MICROTUBULES component and function

A
  • made of tubulin
  • provide pathways for kinesin and dynein
  • components of cilia and flagella
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16
Q

Centrioles

A
  • found in the centrosome and organize microtubules
  • structured in 9 triplets of microtubules w hollow centers
17
Q

INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS function

A
  • cell-cell adhesion
  • maintenance of overall integrity of cell
  • anchor other organelles
  • can withstand tremendous amount of tension
18
Q

4 tissues types

A
  • epithelial tissues
  • connective tissues
  • muscle tissues
  • nervous tissues
19
Q

Epithelial tissue functions

A
  • cover body and lines cavities
  • can be involved in absorption, secretion, and sensation
  • attached to basement membranes
  • constitute PARENCHYMA (functional parts of organs)
  • polarized
20
Q

Connective tissues functions

A
  • supports body and provides framework for epithelial cells
  • make up STROMA (support structure)
  • cells secrete materials to form extracellular matrix
21
Q

Main components of bacterial flagella

A
  1. Filament
  2. basal body
  3. hook
22
Q

Binary fission

A

asexual reproduction in bacteria

23
Q

episomes

A

Plasmids capable of integrating into genome of bacteria

24
Q

Transformation

A

integration of foreign genetic material by cell via uptake from environment

25
Q

Conjugation

A
  • bacterial sexual reproduction
  • involves transfer of F factor from F+ cells to F- cells via pilus found on donor male (+)
26
Q

Transduction

A

genetic recombination requiring virus vector

27
Q

Transposons

A

genetic elements capable of inserting or removing themselves from the genome

28
Q

Phases of bacterial growth

A
  1. lag
  2. exponential
  3. stationary
  4. death
29
Q

positive sense RNA viruses

A

genome can be directly translated by host ribosomes

30
Q

negative sense RNA ribosomes

A

requires synthesis of RNA complement before protein synthesis

-carries RNA replicase

31
Q

retroviruses

A
  • enveloped single stranded viruses
  • Uses reverse transciptase to synthesize DNA from ss RNA and integrate it into the host cell genome
    • eg. HIV
32
Q

prions

A
  • infectious proteins
  • trigger misfolding of proteins
33
Q

Viroids

A

small pathogens with a very short circular ss RNA that infect plants

MCAT Biology Review (2 decks)

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