Reproduction Flashcards
What does sexual production produce?
Genetically different cells
What is sexual reproduction?
Where genetic information from two organisms is combined to produce off spring genetically different to either parent
What does sexual reproduction require?
A mother and a father they produce gametes
In humans how many chromosomes does each gamete contain?
23
What is fertilisation
When the egg and the sperm fuse together to form a cell with the full number of chromosomes (46)
What do flowers have instead of sperm ?
Pollen
What does asexual reproduction produce?
Genetically identical cells
What is the off spring of asexual reproduction called ?
A clone
What are the differences between asexual and sexual reproduction.?
- sexual = two parents
- asexual = one parent
- sexual =variation
- asexual =clone
State the number of chromosomes in a normal human cell?
46
How do flowering plants reproduce?
Sexual reproduction
Eggs cells but there sperm is pollen
Name the process asexual reproduction uses
Mitosis
What is mitosis ?
When an ordinary cell makes a new cell by dividing
What asexually reproduces ?
Bacteria
Some plants
Some animals
What does sexual reproduction involve ?
The fusion of male and female gametes
How are gametes produced ?
Meiosis
Where does meiosis happen?
In human reproductive organs
What are the human reproductive organs ?
Testes
Ovaries
After fertilisation how does the new cell divide ?
Mitosis
To produce an embryo
What are the advantages of sexual reproduction?
- variation in the off spring
- variation increases the chance of survival by natural selection
- we can speed natural selection up by humans selective breeding to increase survival
What are the advantages of asexual reproduction. ?
- Only one parent
- less energy
- faster
- many identical off spring can be produced in favourable conditions
How do mosquitos reproduce ?
Sexually In The mosquito
Asexually in the human host
How do fungi reproduce?
Asexually In spores
And sexually to give variation
How do plants reproduce?
Produce seeds sexually
Reproduce asexually by runners such as strawberry plants
Or bulb division In daffodils
When does fungi reproduce sexually ?
In response to an unfavourable change in the environment
Increases chance of survival
Which pair of chromosomes determine the sex?
Number 23
What are the sex chromosomes for females ?
XX
What are the sex chromosomes for males?
XY
What is the probability of a boy at pregnancy?
It’s in a 50:50 ratio
How many cell divisions take place in Meiosis?
2
What combination of sex chromosomes do females have ?
XX
Suggest why there is variation in the offspring of sexual reproduction ?
Because there are two parents, the off spring contain a mixture of their parents genes
This produces variation
