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ESA 3 > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What hormone initiates the menstrual cycle?

A

FSH

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2
Q

What hormones inhibit FSH?

A

Inhibin

Oestrogen

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3
Q

What inhibits GnRH release?

A

Progesterone

Oestrogen

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4
Q

What is the action of FSH?

A

Binds to granulosa cells, continuing follicular development as the theca interna appears and the secretion of inhibin and oestrogen begins

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5
Q

What occurs during the mid-follicular phase?

A

Dominant follicle chosen
Oestrogen concentration exerts positive feedback on the hypothalamus and AP, increasing LH levels
FSH is selectively inhibited by rising inhibin levels

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6
Q

Is oestrogen secretion always dependent on FSH levels?

A

No, pre-ovulation the follicle secretes oestrogen independent of FSH, promoting LH surge

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7
Q

How is progesterone secretion initiated?

A

High LH levels result in the granulosa cells becoming responsive to LH, having begun t express LH receptors in their development, which results in progesterone secretion

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8
Q

What is the effect of high oestrogen levels on the anterior pituatry?

A

AP becomes more responsive to GnRH, increasing LH release at pulses

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9
Q

What occurs at ovulation?

A

Oocyte completes Meiosis I and Meiosis II starts

Mature oocyte extruded through the capsule of the ovary

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10
Q

What are the effects of LH?

A

Follicle is lutenised, secreting large amounts of oestrogen and progesterone
Inhibin inhibits FSH production
Progesterone inhibts LH
Further gamete development suspended, establishing waiting phase

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11
Q

Luteal Phase

A

Follicle becomes corpus luteum after ovulation

corpus luteum produces oestrogen, progesterone and inhibin

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12
Q

Corpus luteum

A

Produces oestrogen, progesterone and inhibin

has a lifespan of 14 days in absence of further stimulation, after which it degrades

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13
Q

The effect of androgens on the endometrium

A

Oestrogen - promotes proliferation and secretion

Progesterone - promotes secretion

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14
Q

Layers of the uterus

A

Endometrium - Basal layer and functional layer

Myometrium - muscle wall

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15
Q

Histological changes of the uterus

A

Early proliferative - glands sparse and straight
Late proliferative - functional layer doubled, glands coiled
Early secretory - Endometrium at full thickness, very pronounced coiled glands
Late secretory - glands adopt saw-tooth appearance

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16
Q

End of menstrual cycle

A

Gonadal hormones fall dramatically
Relieves negative feedback
resets to start

ESA 3 (5 decks)

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