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Science Form 1 > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two types of reproduction

A

A sexual reproduction and sexual reproduction

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2
Q

How many parents are involved in a sexual reproduction

A

One

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3
Q

How many parents are involved in sexual reproduction

A

Two

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4
Q

In a sexual reproduction what did the children like compare to the parents

A

The same

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5
Q

In sexual reproduction how did the children look compared to the parents

A

Different

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6
Q

In a sexual reproduction how quickly a new organisms produced

A

Quickly

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7
Q

In sexual reproduction how quickly our new organism produced

A

More slowly

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8
Q

Why would God knows take cuttings of their favourite plants instead of planting new seeds

A

The new plant will be identical to the original

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9
Q

What do you each parent produce

A

Gametes

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10
Q

What are the female gametes

A

Eggs

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11
Q

What are the male gametes

A

Sperm

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12
Q

Implants what are the female gametes

A

Eggs or ovules

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13
Q

In plants what are the male gametes

A

Pollen grains

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14
Q

What is it called when a male gamete meets with a

female gamete

A

The process of fertilisation

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15
Q

What happens during fertilisation

A

When an egg meets with the sperm they create a zygote which goes through through a cell division creating an embryo which goes through another cell division

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16
Q

What is the petal

A

The petal is often large. and brightly coloured to attract insects

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17
Q

What is the stamen

A

The stamen is the male part. It consists of the anther and the filament.
Pollen is produced by the anther

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18
Q

What is the sepal

A

The sepal is A green leaflike structure which protects the flower bud

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19
Q

What is the carpel

A

The Carpel consists of this stigma, the style, ovules, ovary. These are the female parts pollen is deposited on the stigma which is supported by the style egg cells are found in the ovules inside the ovar

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20
Q

What is the process of pollination

A

When pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma of another flower

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21
Q

What are pollen grains carried by

A

Insects such as butterflies bees and moths. The wind

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22
Q

Why do you wind pollinated flowers tend to be small with no bright colours , no scent and no nectar

A

Because the wind will blow past the floor and move the pollen, without needing to be attracted to a flower

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23
Q

Wind pollinated flowers produce more pollen grains

A

To increase the chance of the pollen being carried to the stigma of the correct species of flower

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24
Q

Wind pollinated flowers produce very small, light, pollen grains. Why?

A

Because the pollen needs to be like enough to be carried by the wind

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25
Q

Give it to examples of plants which are insect pollinated

A

Sunflowers and orchids

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26
Q

What might attract insects to a flower

A
  1. Colour
  2. scent
  3. Nectar
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27
Q

Would you expect insect pollinated plants to produce more or less pollen and wind pollinated plants? Give a reason for your answer

A

No. Because there is an increased chance of the poem being delivered to another stigma by an insect but with wind pollination the plant needs more pollen so there is more of a chance of the pollen being delivered to another stigma of the same species

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28
Q

Why do you insect pollinated plants pollen grains look the way they do

A

They have tiny hooks on them to allow them to stick to the insects body

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29
Q

What is better cross pollination or self pollination

A

Cross pollination is better as it introduces variation

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30
Q

What happens during fertilisation

A

A pollen tube goes down through the stigma going to the style and towards the ovule

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31
Q

What are the parts of a seed

A

The embryo the cotyledons the radical and the plumule

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32
Q

Why is it good for seeds to be dispersed away from the parent plant

A

They can colonise new areas. It reduces competition between the parent and the offspring for space, light, water and nutrients.

33
Q

What are the four main methods for disbursing seeds

A

Animals, wind, exploding, water

34
Q

What seeds use animals to be dispersed

A

Tomatoes, apples, cleavers

35
Q

What seeds rely on the wind to be dispersed

A

Dandelions, thistles, sycamore

36
Q

What seeds rely on explosion to be dispersed

A

Gorse

37
Q

What seeds rely on water to be dispersed

A

Coconuts

38
Q

Why do plants wait until summer to germinate

A

The new seedling has a better chance of survival and the weather is warmer

39
Q

what does seeds need to grow

A

Warmth water oxygen light

40
Q

Why should men produce thousands of sperm

A

The journey the sperm mates as long as it is and some of them may not make it

41
Q

How do sperm cells move

A

They move on their own by swimming

42
Q

What happens when animals mate in water

A

The sperm and eggs are released externally

The sperm swims to the egg to fertilise it

43
Q

What are the parts of the male reproductive system

A

Sperm duct-carries on from the testes to get to the urethra
Urethra - it is a tube running down the centre of the penis
Penis-contain spongy erectile tissue which fills with blood causing an erection
Scrotum- a skin bag which houses the testes keeping them cooler than body temperature (Which is the best temperature for sperm production)
Testes - the two testes of a male produce sperm as well a sex hormones
Prostate gland-produces a liquid called semen for the sperm to swim in
Bladder-part of the excretory system

44
Q

What is in the female reproductive system

A

0vary-releases one egg per month also produces sex hormones
Cervix-this is the tight neck of the uterus
Vulva-The opening of the vagina
Oviduct-egg passes along it to the uterus fertilisation occurs here
Uterus-this is where the baby develops
Vagina-immaculate tube connecting uterus to the outside

45
Q

What are the changes during a male body during puberty

A 
The voice breaks 
They get taller
Pubic hair grows
Facial hair grows
Shoulders and chest get broader
Penis gets longer
Testes hang lower
46
Q

What are the changes in the the female body during puberty

A 
The nipples get darker
Breasts develop
Get taller
Hips broaden
Pubic hair grows
Periods start
47
Q

What is the proper name for a period

A

Menstruation

48
Q

How often do periods occur

A

Once a month

49
Q

Why do periods occur

A

If the egg released does not get fertilised the uterus will be in the right condition for the zygote implant and develop that one egg is not fertilised the lining of the uterus is not needed any more so it is broken down and passed out of the vagina

50
Q

How many days are in the menstrual cycle

A

28

51
Q

When is a period

A

In the first week of the menstrual cycle

52
Q

When is a woman most likely to get pregnant

A

In days 11-14 of the menstrual cycle

53
Q

What day does ovulation take place

A

Day 14

54
Q

How do men make sure the sperm are released as close to the eggs as possible

A

He inserts his erected penis into the vagina and ejaculates

55
Q

What is ejaculation

A

Movement of the penis causes the muscles around the testes and sperm ducts to squeeze semen out of the penis and into the vagina

56
Q

How far is it for a sperm to reach the egg

A

Around 10 cm

57
Q

Fertilisation must occur in the oviduct. Why?

A

Eggs and sperm only live for about 48 hours. If a sperm met the egg in the uterus, it would already be dead

58
Q

What happens when 1 speed gets through the eggs membrane

A

The membrane hardens to keep the other sperm out

59
Q

What happens after fertilisation

A

The egg continues its journey to the uterus through the oviduct, splitting into more cells

60
Q

What is it called when the ball of cells sinks into the uterus lining

A

Implantation

61
Q

What do some cells make

A

The embryo

62
Q

What happens to the embryo as it develops

A

It will become a baby

63
Q

What do the remaining cells divide into

A

A life support system for the baby

64
Q

What is the job of amniotic fluid

A

It cushions the baby if the mother numbs against something

It keeps the baby at a constant temperature

65
Q

What is the plate shaped structure in the wall of the uterus called

A

Placenta

66
Q

What chemicals need to pass from the mothers blood to the embryos blood

A

Food molecules and oxygen

67
Q

What chemicals need to pass from the embryos blood to the mothers blood

A

Carbon dioxide and other waste materials

68
Q

Why is it important that the blood of the mother and the blood of the embryo do not mix

A

The mother and the child could belong tho different blood types
The mothers blood pressure is much higher than the child’s

69
Q

What is the purpose of the umbilical cord

A

Connects the foetus to the placenta

70
Q

What is the purpose of the amniotic fluid

A

Cushions the foetus and keeps it at a steady temperature

71
Q

What is the purpose of the cervix

A

Remains closed throughout pregnancy

72
Q

What is the purpose of the placenta

A

A plate shaped structure in the wall of the uterus. The mother and the foetus’s blood cells run very close to each other in the placenta

73
Q

A pregnant mother should eat a healthy diet because …

A

The developing baby gets all its food from its mothers blood. It needs protein for growth, calcium for growing bones etc

74
Q

A pregnant mother should not drink or smoke because

A

The alcohol and the nicotine can get across the placenta and harm the foetus

75
Q

Why should A pregnant mother get vaccinated against German measles

A

If the German measles virus gets across the placenta the baby could be blind or deaf

76
Q

Foetus lengths

A 
10 weeks
60mm
14 weeks
115mm
18 weeks
150mm
77
Q

When does contractions mean

A

Muscles in the uterus wall start to squeeze, pushing the baby a little lower and stretching the cervix so that the opening of uterus widens

78
Q

What does the breaking of the waters mean

A

The amnion tears releasing the amniotic fluid

Science Form 1 (6 decks)

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