Reproduction Flashcards
How is variety achieved through sexual reproduction
Chromosomes mix from each parent
Definition of clone
An organism or cell which is genetically identical to the original or its parent
What are the processes in which a plant can be cloned
Taking cuttings
Tissue culture
What is the process of embryo transplants in animal cloning
A developing embryo is removed from a pregnant animal at an early stage before the cells have become specialised. The cells are separated and grown for awhile before being reinserted into a host mother
What is adult cell cloning
Inserting an adult cell into an empty egg cell to create offspring with that cells genetic information. Electric shock make embryo divide with new cell inside
Advantages of animal cloning
Recreate the best animals
Repopulate the world
Disadvantages of animal cloning
High failure rate
Abnormally large organs
Expensive
Genetic diversity reduced
Definition of genetic engineering
The deliberate modification of characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material
How can genes be transported from one organism to another
Enzymes cut DNA from one organism which can be inserted into another
Advantages of genetic engineering
Produce organisms with more desired features
Disadvantages of genetic engineering
unexpected harmful effects
Health risk?
Ethical issues with cloning and genetic engineering
How far should humans interfere with new life
Sanctity of life
What are the differences between sexual and asexual reproduction
Number of parents
Mix of parents / exact clone
Gametes in sexual
Fertilisation occurs in sexual
