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Biology > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

When an organism combines their DNA with another organism of the same species to form genetically unique and different offspring

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1
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

When an organism copies its own DNA to produce genetically identical offspring

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2
Q

The genetic material found in the nucleus of all living cells (eukaryotic); contains the information needed for

A

An organism to grow, maintain itself, and reproduce

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3
Q

When an organism reproduces it passes it’s

A

Genetic information

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4
Q

A new organism is produces from one organism in

A

Asexual reproduction

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5
Q

Uniform offspring

A

Offspring from asexual reproduction are identical to the parent

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6
Q

Types of asexual reproduction

A

Binary fission
Budding
Regeneration
Vegetative propagation

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7
Q

Binary fission

A

One organism divided into 2 organisms

Ex. Bacteria, algae

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8
Q

Budding

A

New organism grows from the surface of the body of the parent
Ex. Yeast, paramecia

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9
Q

Regeneration

A

New organism grows from pieces of the parent

Ex. Planaria (flatworm), starfish

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10
Q

Vegetative propagation

A

New cells separate from the parent and form a completely new individual
Ex. Plant cuttings, potato

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11
Q

Requires 2 organisms to produce offspring

A

Sexual reproduction

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12
Q

Diverse offspring

A

Offspring from sexual reproduction share characteristics of both parents

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13
Q

Fertilization

A

Joining of egg and sperm cell

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14
Q

Zygote

A

New cell formed by fertilization

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15
Q

Egg+sperm=

A

Zygote

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16
Q

Advantages to sexual reproduction

A

-species can adapt to their environment because there is more diversity in their gene pool

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17
Q

Advantages to asexual reproduction

A
  • organisms do not need to look for mates

- can produce numerous offspring without much energy

18
Q

Disadvantages to sexual reproduction

A
  • requires more energy
  • takes more time
  • fewer offspring
19
Q

Disadvantages to asexual reproduction

A

-lack of variation in the gene pool makes it harder to adapt, must rely on mutations

20
Q

Cladogram

A

Shows the relationship of species within a kingdom and adaptations that set them apart

21
Q

Spores

A

Haploid reproduction cells

22
Q

Spores form by

A

Meiosis in the sporophyte plant (2n)

23
Q

Gametes

A

Specialized cells involved in sexual reproduction; sperm and egg

24
Q

Gametes form by

A

Mitosis in the game phage plate (n)

25
Q

All plants are characterized by

A

Alteration of generations

26
Q

Female gamete

A

Egg/ovum

27
Q

Male gamete

A

Sperm

28
Q

During puberty the hypothalamus

A

Sends signals to the pituitary to develop sexual reproduction

29
Q

The pituitary sends out:

A

FSH-triggers sperm production in males

LH-sends out androgens like testosterone

30
Q

Androgens

A

(Testosterone, progesterone, estrogen)

Trigger development of sexual characteristics

31
Q

Epicotyl

A

Embryonic leaves

32
Q

Hypocotyl

A

First stem

33
Q

Cotyledons

A

Storage tissue that will become the leaves

34
Q

Radicle

A

First root

35
Q

Hilum

A

Mark on the seed where it was attached to the ovary, sometimes called the ‘eye’

36
Q

Embryology

A

Development of the embryo after fertilization

37
Q

Germ layers

A

Group of cells formed after embryo development

38
Q

Ectoderm

A

Outer coverings of an organism

39
Q

Endoderm

A

Digestive system and other internal organs like lungs

40
Q

Mesoderm

A

Muscles, much of circulatory, reproductive and excretory organ systems

41
Q

Germ line cells

A

Diploid cells in ovaries and testes that undergo meiosis to produce gametes

42
Q

Somatic cells

A

Diploid cells in the body (other than neurons) that undergo mitosis to produce more of themselves

Biology (8 decks)

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