Protein Synthesis

Question 0

The pyrimidine bases are

Answer 0

Uracil and cytosine

Question 1

The sugar in a nucleotide of RNA is

Answer 1

Ribose

Question 2

The purine bases are

Answer 2

Adenine and guanine

Question 3

In complimentary base pairing, what bonds with what?

Answer 3

Adenine bonds with uracil

Guanine bonds with cytosine

Question 4

RNA is a ___-stranded polymer

Answer 4

One

Question 5

There are _______ types of RNA each with its only function

Answer 5

Three

Question 6

The 5-carbon sugar in RNA is ______, whereas in DNA it is __________.

Answer 6

Ribose

Deoxyribose

Question 7

In RNA the base ______ is substituted for _______.

Answer 7

Uracil, thymine

Question 8

DNA molecules are double stranded and RNA molecules are

Answer 8

Single-stranded

Question 9

In terms of length, DNA molecules are much __________ than RNA

Answer 9

Longer

Question 10

mRNA stands for

Answer 10

Messenger RNA

Question 11

mRNA has the code for making

Answer 11

Proteins

Question 12

mRNA is produced in the

Answer 12

Nucleus

Question 13

tRNA stands for

Answer 13

Transfer RNA

Question 14

tRNA carry_____________ from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes

Answer 14

Amino acids

Question 15

One end of the tRNA is specific for a single type of

Answer 15

Amino acid

Question 16

The other end of the tRNA contains three unpaired bases called an

Answer 16

Anti-codon

Question 17

rRNA stands for

Answer 17

Ribosomal RNA

Question 18

rRNA forms ___________ which are the sites of protein synthesis

Answer 18

Ribosomes

Question 19

rRNA is produced in the

Answer 19

Nucleus

Question 20

Function of DNA

Answer 20

DNA directs the building of proteins. These proteins are components of structures, pigments, hormones, enzymes, etc.

Question 21

RNA

Answer 21

A copy of DNA that goes out into the cytoplasm to tell the cell what to do in order to stay alive

Question 22

RNA stands for

Answer 22

ribonucleic acid

Question 23

Unlike DNA, you can always make more

Answer 23

RNA, so its ok if it’s destroyed

Question 24

RNA is made of

Answer 24

nucleotides

Question 25

RNA contains

Answer 25

a ribose sugar, phosphate and a base (A, C, U, G)

Question 26

RNA is a _________ strand

Answer 26

single

Question 27

mRNA

Answer 27

messenger RNA | sends out a message from the nucleus

Question 28

tRNA

Answer 28

transfer RNA | brings amino acids from cytoplasm to the ribosome

Question 29

rRNA

Answer 29

ribosomal RNA | forms part of the ribosome, the other part is protein, they are assembled in the nucleolus

Question 30

Codon

Answer 30

3 base pairs that code for a specific tRNA

Question 31

Gene

Answer 31

a small section of the DNA strand that codes for a specific protein

Question 32

Proteins make up ___ of the mass of an average person

Answer 32

15%

Question 33

Other than making up skin, hair, muscles, cartilage, ligaments and other body structures, proteins are needed in

Answer 33

the form of hormones, enzymes, antibodies and hemoglobin

Question 34

Proteins also make up

Answer 34

pigments, like those in the iris, skin and hair

Question 35

Protein synthesis has 2 parts:

Answer 35

transcription and translation

Question 36

Transcription

Answer 36

process of copying a gene onto a messenger RNA strand; occurs in the nucleus

Question 37

Translation

Answer 37

process of reading the mRNA strand into a protein sequence; occurs in the cytoplasm

Question 38

What is a mutation?

Answer 38

Any change to the DNA sequence.

Question 39

Most mutations are _______ and have ___ _____.

Answer 39

Neutral; no effect

Question 40

Some mutations provide a _______.

Answer 40

benefit

Question 41

Not all mutations are _________. Only those in the ____ ____ are passed to offspring.

Answer 41

heritable; germ cells

Question 42

Mutations add _______ to ________in a species.

Answer 42

variation; organisms

Question 43

On average, most people have ____ mutations between them and their parents.

Answer 43

60

Question 44

Define "chromosomal."

Answer 44

Effects a whole chromosome.

Question 45

Define "gene point."

Answer 45

Effects a specific place in a gene.

Question 46

List the chromosomal mutations.

Answer 46

1. Deletion 2. Duplication 3. Translocation 4. Inversion

Question 47

In chromosomal mutations, what usually causes deletion and duplication?

Answer 47

Nondisjunction during meiosis.

Question 48

What are the 3 types of gene point effects?

Answer 48

1. Silent 2. Substitution 3. Frameshift

Question 49

What are the two types of frame shifts (gene point).

Answer 49

Deletion and insertion.

Question 50

Substitution replaces ____________.

Answer 50

one base for another.

Question 51

Insertion is the ____ of an extra ____. It creates a shift in the _____ _____.

Answer 51

Addition; base; reading frame

Question 52

______is the loss of a base; it creates a _____ in the reading frame.

Answer 52

Deletion; shift