reproduction

Question 1

Primary oocytes are first seen at what stage of development?

Answer 1

All are Present at birth and arrested at prophase of meiosis I

Question 2

Secondary oocytes are arrested at what phase.

Answer 2

Metaphase of meiosis II

Question 3

Seminiferous tubules are contained in _____ and are the place of formation of _____

Answer 3

testes; sperm

Question 4

seminal vessicles produce fluid containing _____

Answer 4

fructose (energy for sperm), and amino acids, and prostaglandins

Question 5

sperm travel via the

Answer 5

cas deferense

Question 6

function of bulbourethral glands

Answer 6

First secretions in semin. produce lubrication.

Question 7

what does the prostate gland produce?

Answer 7

fluid containing anticoagulants, enzymes and buffers (to buffer urethra that may have urine still as well as buffering the acidity of the vagina)

Question 8

what provides nutrients to the developing sperm?

Answer 8

sertoli cells

Question 9

where does spermatogenesis occur?

Answer 9

seminiferous tubules

Question 10

Why do the cells surrounding the newly formed spermatids contain tight junctions?

Answer 10

to prevent immune response because if the immune system saw the haploid cells it would kill them

Question 11

follicles are contained in the

Answer 11

ovaries

Question 12

What hormone keeps the pregnancy going?

Answer 12

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 13

what produces the majority of the seminal fluid

Answer 13

seminal vessicles (60%)
Sperm = <5%

Question 14

What cells can make prostaglandins?

Answer 14

almost all cells in the body not just the prostate gland

Question 15

where are the two seminal vesicles located?

Answer 15

behind blatter

Question 16

True or false: Seminal vessicles make anticoagulants?

Answer 16

False. They make coagulants that in some animals form a “plug” in the female after ejaculation

Question 17

what is a copulatory organ?

Answer 17

penis

Question 18

What is the main component of erection

Answer 18

corpus cavernosus (2 of them)

Question 19

what stimulates ovulation in induced ovulators?

Answer 19

Luteinizing hormone

Question 20

how does erection occur?

Answer 20

Blood flow out of the penis is stopped causing the erectile spongy tissue.

Question 21

the penis bone in some animal is called

Answer 21

baculum

Question 22

what causes ejaculation

Answer 22

contracting of muscle cells around accessory organs of reproductive system

Question 23

What hormones control the testes?

Answer 23

The two gonadotrophin called Luteinizing hormone and Follicle stimulating hormone.

Question 24

What causes the anterior pituitary to produce LH and FSH

Answer 24

Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormon (GnRH)

Question 25

What does LH do in the male?

Answer 25

stimulate leydig cells to produce testosterone, which is necessary for spermatogenesis and provides negative feed back to pituitary AND the hypothalamus

Question 26

What does FSH do in the male?

Answer 26

Stimulates stroll cells to start spermatogenesis and to release inhibit which provides negative feed back to pituitary

Question 27

what kind of feedback regulates that the male reproductive system?

Answer 27

Negative. Testosterone inhibits LH production when too high and removes negative feed back when too low

Question 28

Follicle means

Answer 28

Egg + granulosa (follicular) cells

Question 29

the granulosa cells produce

Answer 29

estrogen and progesterone

Question 30

uterus has what in common with the kidney

Answer 30

has cortex and medulla

Question 31

white scars on the ovaries that indicate age of women are called

Answer 31

Corpus Albacanes

Question 32

how many eggs are in the ovary?

Answer 32

400,000 in each (800,000 total)

Question 33

the granolas cells left behind in the ovary after their egg has ovulated become ____

Answer 33

corpus luteum

Question 34

How many eggs restart meiosis when ovulation is about to occur?

Answer 34

13 but only one usually makes it

Question 35

what stage is an egg in at the time of fertilization

Answer 35

metaphase of meiosis

Question 36

how long does mitosis occur in spermatogenisis

Answer 36

never stops or it would eventually run out

Question 37

when is the second polar body ejected?

Answer 37

after fertilization

Question 38

for every spermatocyte that undergoes meiosis, you get ___ sperm. for every oocyte that undergoes meiosis you get ____ oocytes

Answer 38

4 sperm; 1 oocyte

Question 39

What triggers ovulation?

Answer 39

Surge in LH at day 14

Question 40

What stimulates the follicle (egg+granulosa cells) to grow early in the ovarian cycle

Answer 40

FSH and LH

Question 41

in the female cycle what inhibits the hypothalamus from producing GnRH

Answer 41

combination of estradiol and progesterone

Question 42

in the female cycle what stimulates the hypothalamus to produce GnRH

Answer 42

high levels of estradiol

Question 43

what inhibits the anterior pituitary in the female cycle from producing FSH and LH

Answer 43

low levels of estradiol

Question 44

What causes LH surge in ovarian cycle?

Answer 44

Peak in estradiol levels which is secreted more and more by the maturing follicle (egg+granulosa cells) until the threshold required to stimulate hypothalamus is reached causing a surge of LH

Question 45

after ovulation what thickens the endometrium of the uterus

Answer 45

progesterone and estradiol which are both secreted by the corpus lute during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle until it degenerates at the end of the cycle

Question 46

Menstrual flow phase (menstrual)

Answer 46

Days 0-5

Question 47

Proliferative phase (menstrual)

Answer 47

Days 5-14; endometrium begins to thicken

Question 48

Secretory phase (menstrual)

Answer 48

Days 15-28; endometrium is getting VERY thick due to secretions from the corpus luteum

Question 49

Follicular phase (ovarian)

Answer 49

Days 0-14 (ovulation at day 14); follicle is maturing and secreting estradiol

Question 50

Luteal Phase (ovarian)

Answer 50

Days 14-28; corpus lute forms and secretes progesterone and estradiol which thickens endometrium and inhibits hypothalamus