Reproduction

Question 1

In males: What is the name of the enzyme that converts Testosterone to Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

Answer 1

5α reductase

This occurs in the Sertoli cells

Question 2

In Males: What is the name of the enzyme that converts Testosterone into oestradiol 17b

Answer 2

Aromatase

This can occur in both Leydig and Sertoli cells

Question 3

What is the function of Ostradiol 17b in males

Answer 3

Maturation of sperm
maintenance of epididymis epithelium
The spermiogenesis process

Question 4

How is testosterone removed from the system

Answer 4

Hepatic oxidation and conjugation

Renal excreation

Question 5

What is hypospadias

Answer 5

When the urethral meatus is not at the tip of penis

• incomplete foreskin
• Chordee =downward curvature of the penis

Question 6

What is the other name for Androgen Insensitive syndrome?

Answer 6

Testicular feminisation syndrome

This is an XY individual, with testes but no internal tract and female genitalia

It occurs due to a defect in androgen receptor so it can’t respond to testosterone

Question 7

How long is the process from Type A dark spermatogonia to spermatazoa

Answer 7

64 days

Question 8

Which spermatagonium is committed to differentation

Answer 8

Type B spermatogonium

Question 9

What is the process called where the spermatogonium changes to primary spermatocyte

Answer 9

Spermatocytogenesis

Type B- Primary spermatocycte this is a Mitotic process

Question 10

How many chromosomes does a primary spermatocyte have?

Answer 10

46 chromosome

Question 11

How many chromosomes does a secondary spermatocyte have?

Answer 11

23 chromosomes because it has gone through meiosis 1

Question 12

What cell is involved in:

• blood testes barrier formation
• Production of androgen binding protein
• Production of Inhibin

Answer 12

Sertoli cells

Also convert testosterone

Question 13

Spermiogenesis process creates what?

Answer 13

The final part of the spermatogenisis process creates sperm with:
Acrosomal head
Midpiece
Flagellum

(removal of excess cytoplasm)

Question 14

How many steps are there in ejaculation?

Answer 14

2 steps

1. i contraction of epididymis and vas deferens to push sperm to prostate
   ii. Contraction of prostate & seminal vesicles to mix and push semen to upper urethra
2. Contraction of smooth and striated muscles associated with the Urethra to push ejaculate out of the penis.

Question 15

Define oligospermia

Answer 15

Low sperm count

Question 16

Define Priapism

Answer 16

This is when the erect penis does not return to its flaccid state.

Question 17

What is the generic name for viagra and what does it do

Answer 17

Sidenafil Citrate- Inhibiting type 5 phosphodiesterase enzyme

(prevents breakdown of cGMP- needed for increase NO and vasodilation )

Question 18

Which embryonic structure is disgarded in Females but used for the reproductive tract in males

Answer 18

Wolffian duct aka mesonephric tube

Question 19

In Embryology, the Sertoli cells produce what?

Answer 19

Anti-Müllerian hormone which works to remove the Müllerian ducts (a female structure)

Question 20

What structures arise from the Müllerian ducts- aka paramesonephric tube

Answer 20

Uterus
Fallopian tubes
cervix
Upper 2/3rds of the Vagina

Question 21

At what stage does the antrum of a follicle develop

Answer 21

Secondary follicle

Question 22

Just before ovulation what is the status of the oocyte and follice

Answer 22

The tertiary follicle- luteinisation (yellow) and Stigma form (Site of rupture)

Oocyte- Becomes a secondary oocyte and is arrested at METAPHASE 2

Question 23

Describe the secondary follicle

Answer 23

Primary oocyte within
Contains zona pelluicida which separates oocyte and granulosa cells
Cubiodal granulosa cells
Antrum formation
Theca cells on the outside of basement membrane

Question 24

Name the menstruation phases

Answer 24

Menses
Follicular
Ovulation
Luteal phase (mostly 14 days)

Question 25

Name the endometrium phases

Answer 25

Menses
Proliferative
Secretory

Question 26

What happens around day 7-8 of the follicular phase

Answer 26

The dominant follicle is selected.