Reproduction Flashcards
In males: What is the name of the enzyme that converts Testosterone to Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
5α reductase
This occurs in the Sertoli cells
In Males: What is the name of the enzyme that converts Testosterone into oestradiol 17b
Aromatase
This can occur in both Leydig and Sertoli cells
What is the function of Ostradiol 17b in males
Maturation of sperm
maintenance of epididymis epithelium
The spermiogenesis process
How is testosterone removed from the system
Hepatic oxidation and conjugation
Renal excreation
What is hypospadias
When the urethral meatus is not at the tip of penis
- incomplete foreskin
- Chordee =downward curvature of the penis
What is the other name for Androgen Insensitive syndrome?
Testicular feminisation syndrome
This is an XY individual, with testes but no internal tract and female genitalia
It occurs due to a defect in androgen receptor so it can’t respond to testosterone
How long is the process from Type A dark spermatogonia to spermatazoa
64 days
Which spermatagonium is committed to differentation
Type B spermatogonium
What is the process called where the spermatogonium changes to primary spermatocyte
Spermatocytogenesis
Type B- Primary spermatocycte this is a Mitotic process
How many chromosomes does a primary spermatocyte have?
46 chromosome
How many chromosomes does a secondary spermatocyte have?
23 chromosomes because it has gone through meiosis 1
What cell is involved in:
- blood testes barrier formation
- Production of androgen binding protein
- Production of Inhibin
Sertoli cells
Also convert testosterone
Spermiogenesis process creates what?
The final part of the spermatogenisis process creates sperm with:
Acrosomal head
Midpiece
Flagellum
(removal of excess cytoplasm)
How many steps are there in ejaculation?
2 steps
- i contraction of epididymis and vas deferens to push sperm to prostate
ii. Contraction of prostate & seminal vesicles to mix and push semen to upper urethra - Contraction of smooth and striated muscles associated with the Urethra to push ejaculate out of the penis.
Define oligospermia
Low sperm count
Define Priapism
This is when the erect penis does not return to its flaccid state.
What is the generic name for viagra and what does it do
Sidenafil Citrate- Inhibiting type 5 phosphodiesterase enzyme
(prevents breakdown of cGMP- needed for increase NO and vasodilation )
Which embryonic structure is disgarded in Females but used for the reproductive tract in males
Wolffian duct aka mesonephric tube
In Embryology, the Sertoli cells produce what?
Anti-Müllerian hormone which works to remove the Müllerian ducts (a female structure)
What structures arise from the Müllerian ducts- aka paramesonephric tube
Uterus
Fallopian tubes
cervix
Upper 2/3rds of the Vagina
At what stage does the antrum of a follicle develop
Secondary follicle
Just before ovulation what is the status of the oocyte and follice
The tertiary follicle- luteinisation (yellow) and Stigma form (Site of rupture)
Oocyte- Becomes a secondary oocyte and is arrested at METAPHASE 2
Describe the secondary follicle
Primary oocyte within
Contains zona pelluicida which separates oocyte and granulosa cells
Cubiodal granulosa cells
Antrum formation
Theca cells on the outside of basement membrane
Name the menstruation phases
Menses
Follicular
Ovulation
Luteal phase (mostly 14 days)
Name the endometrium phases
Menses
Proliferative
Secretory
What happens around day 7-8 of the follicular phase
The dominant follicle is selected.
