Endocrinology Flashcards
Name the neurons from the hypothalamus that deliver hormones to the Anterior pituitary
Parvocellular neurons
Which hormones are produced in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalmus?
CRH
TRH
Somatostasin is produced in which hypothalmic nuceli
Periventricular nuclei
What is Addison’s disease
Mainly autoimmune destruction of the adrenal glands which cause (primary adrenal insufficiency/ hypoadrenalism)
Can also be caused by infections such as TB
Name the Short acting Insulin
Actrapid Humulin S Novorapid Humulog Apridra
Name the Intermediate Insulin
Humulin I,
Name Long acting insulin
Lantus= Insulin Glargine Levemir= Insulin detemir
What are the 2 main insulin regimes
Twice daily: Use Mixed Insulin (Humulin M3) 2 INJECTIONS
Basal Bolus: Long acting and short acting at meal times (4 injections)
When would you not use Metformin
If patient has Liver, kidney or cardiac failure
How does Metformin Work
It is a bigainide- which in
1) Increase insulin sensitiviny
2) Reduces glucose absorprion from the Gut
3) Increases glucose uptake in the muscles
4) Promote weight loss
How do Sulphonyureas work
Glucose independant insulin release by blocking b-cell K+ channels causing depolarisation of the cells and release of more insulin
Which drug group can cause hypoglycemia?
Biguanides or Sulphonyureas
Sulphonyureas
What are the 4 principles of managing DKA
1) IV Insulin
2) Fluid replacement (Saline..later on a dextrose solution)
3) Monitor K+ - insulin should cause it to fall so when it gets closer to normal add K+ to the infusion
4) Treat underlying exacerbating cause of the DKA
What is the acute management of medication hypogycaemia?
1) ORAL glucose- lucazade
2) IM Glucagon
3) IV 20% Dextrose
