Reproduction

Question 0

Forms of asexual reproduction

Answer 0

Budding

Gemmulation

Parthenogenesis

Question 1

Characteristics of asexual reproduction

Answer 1

Result of mitosis

No fusion of gametes

Clonal

Question 2

What is budding?

Answer 2

An unequal division of organism

Question 3

Examples of organisms that use budding

Answer 3

Hydras (relative of jellyfish) and sponges

Question 4

What is gemmulation?

Answer 4

Formation of a new individual from an aggregation of cells

Question 5

Gemmulation - what is a gemmule?

Answer 5

A resistant capsule surrounding a new individual

Question 6

What is an example of creature that uses gemmulation?

Answer 6

Freshwater sponges

Question 7

What is parthenogenesis?

Answer 7

A type of asexual reproduction the involves the development of an embryo from an unfertilized egg. Does not use sperm.

Question 8

What is Ameiotic parthenogenesis

Answer 8

Creates a DIPLOID egg through mitosis. NOT haploid.

Question 9

What is meiotic parthenogenesis?

Answer 9

Haploid eggs are formed by meiosis. Two eggs are combined together to make diploid. Sperm may be used but is not necessary.

Question 10

What is thylotoky?

Answer 10

Production of haploid females

Question 11

What is arrhenotoky?

Answer 11

Production of haploid males

Question 12

What are the benefits of asexual reproduction?

Answer 12

No need for mate

High reproductive potential

Simple

Question 13

Cons of a mate

Answer 13

Mate can have bad genes

Finding mate takes time and energy and makes more vulnerable to predators

All offspring are fertile even if isolated

Question 14

Characteristics of sexual reproduction

Answer 14

Involves meiosis

Includes fusion

Produces unique offspring

Question 15

Advantages of sexual production

Answer 15

Introduce new genes

More frequent mutations

Avoid death of all offspring

Question 16

What is haplodiploidy?

Answer 16

When an organism alternates between sexual and asexual reproduction

Question 17

Advantages of being haplodiploidy

Answer 17

Best of both systems (asexual and sexual)

Question 18

What insect can be born prego?

Answer 18

Aphids

Question 19

Aphids use what type of reproduction?

Answer 19

Haplodiploidy

Question 20

Describe spring for aphids

Answer 20

Low population density, making it hard to find mates thus use asexual reproduction

Question 21

Why do aphids remain asexual in the summer?

Answer 21

They are thriving, why risk changing genes with a mate?

Question 22

Describe fall for aphids

Answer 22

Sexually reproduce due to uncertainty in resistance to the harsh winter conditions. This creates a diverse genetic population so at least some will survive

Question 23

What are the primary sex organs?

Answer 23

Testes and ovaries

Question 24

What does it mean to be a dioecious species?

Answer 24

Refers to how many sexes are in a population, di meaning two. Male and female .

Question 25

What does it mean to be monoecious?

Answer 25

One sex for the species. Individuals are hermaphrodites

Question 26

Urogenital system

Answer 26

The close association between urinary and reproductive systems

Question 27

Mesonephros

Answer 27

Kidney; of adult lampreys, fishes, and amphibians

Question 28

In fish and amphibians, testes are adjacent to...

Answer 28

Kidneys

Question 29

Mesonephric duct

Answer 29

Carries urine to bladder | Carries sperm from testes

Question 30

Metanephros

Answer 30

Kidney in reptiles birds and mammals

Question 31

Morph-

Answer 31

Shape, form

Question 32

Nephr-

Answer 32

Kidney

Question 33

Meso-

Answer 33

Kidney

Question 34

Metanephric duct carries..

Answer 34

Urine to bladder (also called bad deferens)

Question 35

What is a cloaca?

Answer 35

Part of female reproductive system, a common chamber into which the intestinal, reproductive and urinary canals empty

Question 36

What do placental animals lack?

Answer 36

A full cloaca, with separate anus

Question 37

This releases eggs into body cavity

Answer 37

Ovaries

Question 38

Eggs are captured by..

Answer 38

The Ostium (catchers MIT) of oviduct

Question 39

Oviducts expand into this in live earring species

Answer 39

Uterus

Question 40

Many invertebrates are dioecious or monoecious?

Answer 40

Dioecious

Question 41

Aedeagus

Answer 41

Penis of insect

Question 42

(Insects) ovaries are divided into..

Answer 42

Ovarioles

Question 43

How many ovarioles per ovary does a termite queen have?

Answer 43

2400

Question 44

Oviducts are split into two categories

Answer 44

Lateral and common

Question 45

Spermatheca

Answer 45

Stores sperm for life so only one mating is needed to fertilize all eggs

Question 46

Accessory glands

Answer 46

Forms egg pods or gelatinous masses | Poison glands of bees and wasps

Question 47

Ovipositor

Answer 47

Places eggs into environment

Question 48

This is a human cycle controlled by hormones

Answer 48

Ovarian cycle

Question 49

The hypothalamus produces this in human females

Answer 49

Gonadotropic releasing hormone (GRH)

Question 50

Anterior pituitary gland produces...

Answer 50

Gonadotropins

Question 51

What are the Gonadotropins?

Answer 51

``` Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) Lutenizing hormone (LH) ```

Question 52

Ovaries produce two hormones

Answer 52

Estrogen | Progesterone

Question 53

Horomone that says maybe were prego

Answer 53

Estrogen

Question 54

Time to get prego now!

Answer 54

Progesterone

Question 55

Placenta produces..

Answer 55

Human chorionic gonadotropin

Question 56

Hormone says we are prego!

Answer 56

Human chorionic gonadotropin

Question 57

Human chorionic gonadotropin maintains..

Answer 57

Corpus Luteum

Question 58

What happens during the ovarian cycle?

Answer 58

Ovulation Thickening of uterine lining Menstruation Maintenance of pregnancy

Question 59

Feedback mechanisms

Answer 59

Estrogen and progesterone inhibit formation of LH and FSH

Question 60

Menopause happens when..

Answer 60

Sensitivity of ovaries to FSH is lost

Question 62

Same hormones that males have the same as females

Answer 62

GRH FSH LH

Question 63

What is spermatogenisis?

Answer 63

Process of making sperm

Question 64

What does testosterone do?

Answer 64

maintains spermatogensis | maintains secondary sexual characteristics

Question 65

Where is testosterone produced?

Answer 65

in the interstitial cells of testes

Question 66

What is a eustral cycle?

Answer 66

Females display mating behavior only at specific times of the season

Question 67

What does monestrous mean?

Answer 67

in heat once a year

Question 68

Polyestrous

Answer 68

in heat several times a year

Question 69

Copulation triggers what?

Answer 69

The release of LH and ovulation

Question 70

Timing of eustral cycle is determined by what 3 environmental factors?

Answer 70

day length food availability water level