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veds science > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of the fallopian tube?

A

Transport the egg from the ovary to the uterus

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2
Q

What kind of cells are found in the fallopian tube that help the egg move through it?

A

Ciliated cells/cilia

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3
Q

What is the purpose of the ovary?

A

Stores and releases egg cells

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4
Q

What is the cervix?

A

This is a narrow opening between the vagina and uterus

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5
Q

In which part of the female reproductive system does a foetus develop?

A

Uterus

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6
Q

What fluid/s can be transported in a male urethra?

A

Urine or semen

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7
Q

What fluid/s can be transported in a female urethra?

A

Urine only

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8
Q

What is the purpose of the glands (part 4?)

A

Add fluid to the sperm to make semen. The fluid provides nutrition for the sperm to give it the energy it requires to swim

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9
Q

What is the purpose of the testes?

A

Production of sperm

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10
Q

What hormone is produced by the testes?

A

Testosterone

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11
Q

What hormones are produced by the ovaries?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone

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12
Q

Why are the testes outside of the body?

A

Lower temperature is better for sperm production

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13
Q

What is the period of life called between childhood and adulthood

A

Adolescence

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14
Q

What is puberty?

A

the period during which adolescents reach sexual maturity and become capable of reproduction.

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15
Q

What controls the changes that happen during puberty?

A

Hormones (in males - testosterone, in females - oestrogen and progesterone)

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16
Q

Give 3 examples of male changes during puberty

A

voice breaks, hair grows on face and body, body becomes more muscular, testes start to produce sperm, pubic and underarm hair grows, sexual organs grow and develop

17
Q

Give 3 examples of female changes during puberty

A

pubic and underarm hair grows, sexual organs grow and develop, voice deepens gradually, hips get wider, breasts develop, menstruation starts

18
Q

The menstrual cycle is approximately how many days long?

A

28

19
Q

What happens on the first day of the menstrual cycle?

A

Menstruation (period) starts

20
Q

What is menstruation (a period)?

A

The lining of the uterus comes away and exits through the vagina as blood.

21
Q

What is ovulation?

A

When an egg is released by an ovary into the oviduct.

22
Q

Approximately when during the menstrual cycle does ovulation occur?

A

Middle of the cycle (day 14)

23
Q

What happens to the lining of the uterus if the egg is not fertilised?

A

It breaks down

24
Q

What happens to the lining of the uterus if the egg is fertilised?

A

It does not break down

25
Q

What is sexual reproduction?

A

The process of bringing together the egg and the sperm

26
Q

What is fertilisation?

A

The process in which the nucleus of a sperm cell joins with the nucleus of an egg cell

27
Q

Describe the journey of the sperm through the male and female reproductive system (list the parts it must pass through)

A

Testis - sperm duct - male urethra - penis - vagina - cervix - uterus - oviduct

28
Q

Describe 2 sperm adaptations that help it perform its function

A

Tail - helps them swim to the egg.

Mitochondria - helps give the sperm energy.

Digestive enzymes - help the sperm penetrate the egg cell membrane.

Streamlined shape - help the sperm break down the egg’s outer layer.

29
Q

Describe egg adaptations that help it perform its function (fertilisation)

A

Jelly coating- helps by only letting in one sperm.

Nutrients - act as a food source for the developing foetus.

30
Q

How do non-identical twins occur?

A
31
Q

How do identical twins occur?

A
32
Q

What do we call the period of foetel development from conception to birth?

A

Gestation

33
Q

What is formed when the sperm nucleus fuses with the egg nucleus?

A

Zygote

34
Q

After cell division, what does a zygote then form?

A

Embryo

35
Q

After further cell division, what does an embryo become?

A

Foetus

36
Q

How long is the human gestation period?

A

40 weeks

37
Q

What are 2 functions of the placenta

A

Provide nutrients (food and water) to the developing foetus
Provide oxygen to the developing foetus (for respiration)
Waste substance (e.g. carbon dioxide) removal.

38
Q

Where is testosterone produced?

A

In the testes

veds science (6 decks)

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