reproduction Flashcards
2 types of plant repro
Asexual and sexual reproduction
Define sexual reproduction
- involves fusion of the nuclei of male and female gametes
- 2 parents
- non-identical offspring
- Genetic variation in population means that offspring are more likely to adapt to changes in the environment
Define asexual reproduction
- no gametes (sex cell)
- one parent
- genetically identical offspring
- does not results in genetic variation in the population, hence, offspring are less likely to survive changes in the environment/less likely to adapt to changes in the environment.
Can plants undergo both sexual and asexual reproduction
Flowering plants are sexually reproducing plants.
Flowers can have either male or female parts
Flowers produce gametes
What are some plants including flowering plants that don’t rely on flowers to reproduce?
They reproduce through vegetative propagation
- potato( grow underground, stems store food)
- banana( plants grow off small shoots called “suckers” from the parent plant)
- strawberry (cutting system- a new plant can be grown from a cutting of the plant itself)
Label the flower
https://drive.google.com/file/d/18QInQDbDkR7rnT9AyuIf5k21mhQo3UhS/view?usp=drivesdk
What is the function of the sepals
sepals are modified leaves which enclose and protect the other parts of the flower in the bud stage.
the sepals usually form the outermost layer of floral leaves
What is the function of the petals
for insect pollinated flowers, petals:
- petals are brightly coloured to attract insects for pollination; and
- provide a platform for insects to land on
What is the function of the anthers
The anther produced pollen grains. when the anther matures, it splits open to release the pollen grains.
What is the function of carpels
carpels are the female part of a flower, it consists of an ovary, a style above the ovary, and one or more stigmas
What is self-pollination?
It is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the
same flower or of a different flower of the same plant.
What is cross-pollination?
It is the transfer of pollen grains from one plant to the stigma of a flower of another plant of the same species.
Outline the process of pollination
Pollination of Clitoria
1. When an insect such as a bee visits the flower, it lands on the standard petal.
3. The insect forces its way in between the two wing petals and moves in to collect the nectar.
4. The insect’s back forces the keel petal upwards to expose the stigma and the anthers. The stigma and anthers brush against the hairy back of the insect. When this happens, some pollen grains from the anther stick to the hairy back of the insect. At the same time, pollen grains on the insect’s back (from another flower which the insect had visited earlier) are transferred to the sticky stigma.
5. When the insect leaves the flower, the keel petal springs back to its original position to enclose the stamens and the stigma again.
Although the flower is well adapted to insect pollination, self-pollination can
still occur.
Pollination vs fertilisation
Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains form an anther to a stigma
Fertilisation is the fusion of a male nucleus with an egg cell in the ovule
Define fertilisation?
The fusion of the nucleus of male and female gametes to form a zygote.
define pollination
pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma.