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Biology > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Fertilisation

A

When a haploid sperm fuses with a haploid ovum

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2
Q

External Fertilisation

A

-Occurs outside of the body
-Usually occurs in water e.g fish and amphibians
-Eggs are laid in the water and sperm is released around them
-Not all eggs are fertilised and some are eaten by predators
-Many eggs are release to increase chances of successful reproduction

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3
Q

Internal Fertilisation

A

Occurs inside the body.Sperm is released in the female and the sperm swims to the egg.This allows for terrestrial animals to reproduce because gametes can’t survive dry environment.Fish,birds,mammals

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4
Q

There types of embryo development

A

-Ovipary
-Ovovipary
-Vivipary

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5
Q

Type of development where the eggs are laid and develops and hatches outside

A

Ovipary

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6
Q

Ovovipary

A

Internal fertilisation where eggs remain the the female and hatch inside ,obtain nourishment form the yolk

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7
Q

Vivipary

A

Development where the embryo develops inside the female ,nourishment form the placenta

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8
Q

Amniotic egg consists of ?

A

Egg that consists of
amnion carion
albumen,allantois,embryo ,air pocket and yolk

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9
Q

Function of Amnion

A

Secretes fluid called amniotic fluid which provides freedom for movement for the embryo ,acts as a shock absorber and regulates temperatures

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10
Q

Shell of amniotic egg

A

Calcareous/ leathery
-pores allow for gaseous exchange
-she’ll protects egg

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11
Q

allantois

A

bladder like structure that stores nitrogenous waste from embryo

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12
Q

albumen

A

stores protein from developing embryo

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13
Q

Precocial

A

Type where practically fully developed after hatching.Can move out of the nest after 2-3 days .Nests found on the ground .

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14
Q

Atricial

A

type of development where the young are not fully developed after birth.Stil Nest up in the sky ,the young are helpless after hatching .Yolk has less energy and they are poorly developed
Flying birds

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15
Q

Gametogenisis

A

The formation of gametes through mitosis .During puberty

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16
Q

Spermatogenisis

A

Germinal epithelial cells of the seminiferous tubule give rise to sperm.Sertolis and which protect and nourish the spermatozoon.Leydig cell secrete testosterone

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17
Q

Cells that secrete testosterone

A

leybig

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18
Q

acrosome

A

consists of enzymes that dissolve the surface of the egg

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19
Q

the middle piece of the sperm contains

A

mitochondria

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20
Q

Oogenisis

A

The formation of ova
The germinal epithelial goes through mitosis to form primary follicles.FSH is released and then one cells enlarges and undergoes meiosis and for 4 haploid cells form.One matures and 3 disintegrate.

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21
Q

Left over Graafian follicle is the

A

Corpus lutuem

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22
Q

Fallopians tube functions

A

Carries ovum to the uterus
Site of fertilisation

23
Q

Vagina

A

Acts as a birth canal,sperm is deposited here during copulation

24
Q

Cervix

A

Tightly closed to protect the inner uterus

25
Q

Endometrium

A

Soft tissue and blood vessels

26
Q

hallow ball of balls

A

blastocyst

27
Q

Secondary characteristics of females

A

Pubic and under arm hair
Hips breast and abdomen fat accumulation
breasts develop
pelvic girdle widens

28
Q

Day 1-5

A

Shedding of endometrium lining

29
Q

Day 1-13

A

Fsh is secreted so primary follicle become graafian follicle .While egg matures oestrogen is released which stimulates the endometrial thickening

30
Q

Ovulation

A

Day 14.High levels of oestrogen stimulate pituitary gland to secrete LH which cause Graafian follicle to burst and ovulation occurs cause egg is released into the fallopians tubes

31
Q

Day 15-28

A

Corpus luteum is what’s left form the graafian follicle this releases progesterone which stimulates the endometrium to thicken further and maintain that .

32
Q

Role of oestrogen

A

secondary sexual characteristics
increases movement of cilia to the uterus
stimulates lg
repairs and builds endometrium

33
Q

Role of progesterone

A

Thickening of endometrium
prepares endometrium for implantation
maintains thickening for pregnancy

34
Q

Embryonic development

A

zygote mitosis
morula mitosis
blastocyst mitosis
embryo
implantation

35
Q

Jelly layer function

A

allows the hydrolytic enzymes form the acrosome to digest a way into the egg

36
Q

Thickens once a sperm enters the egg so no other sperm can enter

A

Cell surface membrane

37
Q

Development of the embryo w the the nucleas

A

Gestation

38
Q

Functions of placenta

A

Link between mom and foetus
provides antibodies to provide passive immunity for the foetus
serves as a mm organ for nutrients,gaseous exchange and excretion for the foetus
serves as a micro filter that prevents any pathogens from the mom to enter foetus
secretes progesterone for endometrium

39
Q

vas deferns

A

pushing sperm into urethra through peristalsis

40
Q

What hormone in contraceptive pills?

A

progesterone

41
Q

When Progesterone is high what hormone is low?

A

Follicle Stimulating hormone

42
Q

What is LH

A

luteinising hormone

43
Q

Lei dig cells secrete ?

A

testosterone

44
Q

Prevention in men

A

vasectomy

45
Q

Prevention in women

A

tubal ligation

46
Q

What does the prostate gland do?

A

Secretes a fluid that activates sperm and secretes a alkaline fluid that neutralises acidity of the coochie

47
Q

Name the gland that secretes a fluid that neutralises the acidity of the urethra and the other function of this fluid

A

Cowpers gland
it also acts as a pre ejaculate and it cleans and lubricators the urethra

48
Q

Seminal vesicles

A

produces a fluid that contains sugars(fructose) that can be broken down for swimming

49
Q

epididymis

A

stores and allows sperm to mature

50
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

has germinal epithet which give rise to sperm

51
Q

duct that forces semen out of the urethra

A

ejaculatory duct

52
Q

Role of testosterone

A

Encourages maturity of sperm
Develops male sex organs and maintains the secondary characteristics of male
Causes deeper voice
Promotes muscle development
Promotes body hair and facial hair in males

53
Q

Chorionic villi and endometrium form what?

A

placenta

Biology (3 decks)

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