Dna Flashcards
function of nucleic acids
-control metabolic activities
mechanism for transmission of -hereditary information
control synthesis of proteins by -storing and transferring genetic material
DNA in full
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What is a gene
A section of dna that codes for certain genetic material \proteins
Chromosome
Condensed strand of Dna that is wrapped around proteins called histones
Who discovered for Dna bases
Erwin Chargaff
Maurice H.Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin
Studied Dna through x rays
James watson and Francis H.C .Crick
Dna is double helix after studying a model
Building blocks of nucleic acids
nucleotides
Nucleotides consist of
sugar
phosphate
nitrogen base
Four types of nitrogen bases
Adenine-Thymine\Uracil
Guanine-Cytosine
Nuclear functions
controls functioning of cell
controls protein synthesis
stores hereditary information
Dna Replication occurs where and when?
Interphase in the nucleus
What is Dna replication
Duplication of a DNA molecule into 2 identical copies
Steps of DNA replication
Double helix unwinds
Weak hydrogen bonds break and the Dna molecule unzips
Each strand serves as a template for a new strand to form
free nucleotides in the cytoplasm attach to complementary base pairs
there are now two identical dna molecules
Process is controlled by enzymes
Importance of dna replication
-Ensures that genetic makeup of daughter cell is identical to parent cell
-ensures that chromosome number is daughter cell is equal to number in parent cell
-Ensure that hereditary information is transmitted from generation to generation
Dna can be found in ?
Human hair
Body fluid
Body tissue
Dna Profiling is used to what ?
To find criminals
To find relatives
To do paternity tests
To test for genes that cause some disorders
Establish matching tissue for organ donation
To find a person who is unidentifiable
Disadvantages of Dna profiling
Can frame some innocent
Expensive
Subject to human error
Three types of RNA
messenger
ribosomal
transfer
Transcription process
-Occurs in nucleas
-Dna unwinds
-Weak h bonds breaks and molecule unzips
-One strand is used as a template
-Free nucleotides from nycleoplasm attach to complementary bases and form the mrna
-controlled by enzymes
-coded message for protein synthesis is copied onto Mrna
-each base triplet is called a codon
Translation
-Mrna moves out of the nucleus out and into the ribosome
-Trna anticodon match codon of the mrna
-Trna anticodon bring amino acids to the ribosome
-Amino acids are joined by peptide bonds
-a polypeptide chain forms or protein
