Reproduction Flashcards

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1
Q

What are advantages of internal fertilisation?

A

Protection from external environment, requires few males

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2
Q

What are disadvantages of internal fertilisation?

A

Takes a toll on the body - risk to parent

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3
Q

What are advantages of external fertilisation?

A

No toll on the body, a large amount of gametes released at once

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4
Q

What are disadvantages of external fertilisation?

A

No protection from external environment, larger numbers of gametes requires to succesfully be fertilised

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5
Q

What are stolons?

A

Stems which grow horizontally above the ground becoming a separate individual

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6
Q

What are rhizomes?

A

Stems which grow horizontally below the ground becoming a separate individual

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7
Q

What are plant suckers?

A

Vertical growth originating from the root system or lower main stem of a plant in order to grow new branches

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8
Q

What is apomixis?

A

The production of plant offspring through special generative tissues (includes parthenogenesis)

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9
Q

What is the purpose of the anther

A

To form/disperse pollen grains depending on the method of reproduction

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10
Q

What is the purpose of the petal

A

To attract pollinators and facilitate access to particular pollinators

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11
Q

What is the purpose of the filament

A

To contain the anthers

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12
Q

What is the purpose of the stigma

A

To trap wind-borne pollen (in wind-pollinated plants)

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the style

A

To carry male gametes from the anther to the stigma

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14
Q

What are the 3 methods of seed dispersal

A

Animals, wind and self-dispersal

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15
Q

What are methods of reproduction in fungi?

A
  • Spores: single-celled asexual reproductive units (no fertilisation required)
  • Budding: a bud develops on the surface with the cytoplasm of the bud being continuous with that of the parent cell
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16
Q

What are methods of reproduction in bacteria?

A

Binary fission: mitosis

17
Q

What are methods of reproduction in protists?

A
  • Binary fission
  • Budding
18
Q

Refer to the diagram, name all parts of the plant

A

Refer to answers

19
Q

What are the male parts of the flower?

A

Stamen, including anther and filament

20
Q

What are the female parts of the flower?

A

Carpal/pistil, including stigma, style and ovary