Reproduction 1 - Male Reproductive System

Question 1

What are the 4 categories the male reproductive system can be grouped into?

Answer 1

1. The External Genitalia
2. The Gonads – Where gametes or sex cells are produced and also the site for the production of male sex hormones
3. The Tube System – For transporting the sperm from the gonads
4. The Accessory Glands – These support the sperm and lubricate the copulatory organs.

Question 2

What are some of the organs of the male reproductive system?

Answer 2

• Testis
• Vas Deferens or Ductus Deferens
• Seminal glands
• Prostate
• Epididymis
• Bulbourethral glands

Question 3

What is A?

Answer 3

Urinary bladder

Question 4

What is B?

Answer 4

Ureter

Question 5

What is C?

Answer 5

Vas deferens

Question 6

What is D?

Answer 6

Seminal glands

Question 7

What is E?

Answer 7

Prostate

Question 8

What is F?

Answer 8

Bulbourethral glands

Question 9

What is G?

Answer 9

Urethra

Question 10

What is the name of the canal that the testis pass through during development?

Answer 10

Inguinal canal

Question 11

What are the deep and superficial openings of this canal called?

Answer 11

Superficial and deep inguinal rings

Question 12

What is A?

Answer 12

External spermatic fascia

Question 13

What is B?

Answer 13

Cremaster muscle and fascia

Question 14

What is C?

Answer 14

Internal spermatic fascia

Question 15

What is D?

Answer 15

Deep inguinal opening

Question 16

What are the 3 fascial layers of the inguinal canal from superficial to deep?

Answer 16

External spermatic fascia

Cremaster muscle and fascia

Internal spermatic fascia

Question 17

What doing the inguinal canal carry?

Answer 17

This canal carries a group of structures known as the spermatic cord.

Question 18

What are the 6 main structures of the spermatic cord?

Answer 18

1) Vas deferens
2) Testicular artery
3) Artery of the ductus deferens
4) Cremasteric artery
5) Pampiniform plexus
6) Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

Question 19

What are the ovoid testes suspended in the scrotum by?

Answer 19

Spermatic cord

Question 20

What is the tough outer fibrous layer of the testis called?

Answer 20

Tunica albuginea

Question 21

What are the 2 layers of the tunica vaginalis?

Answer 21

Visceral and parietal

Question 22

What material is present between the 2 layers of the tunica vaginalis?

Answer 22

Cavum vaginale

Question 23

What are 2 pathologies associated with the tunica vaginalis?

Answer 23

• Hydrocele
• Haematoceles

Question 24

What is hydrocele?

Answer 24

Swelling in the scrotum that occurs when fluid collects in the thin sheath surrounding a testicle

Question 25

What causes hydrocele?

Answer 25

Injury or inflammation within the scrotum

Question 26

What is haematocele?

Answer 26

Swelling caused by blood collecting in a body cavity

Question 27

What causes haematocele?

Answer 27

Trauma to the testicles

Question 28

The testis are supplied by what?

Answer 28

Testicular artery

Question 29

What is the testicular artery a branch of?

Answer 29

Abdominal aorta

Question 30

At what vertebral level does the testicular artery arise?

Answer 30

L2-L3

Question 31

How does the testicular artery travel between the abdominal aorta and the inguinal canal?

Answer 31

These arteries travel retroperitoneally and cross two important structures near the pelvic brim before they travel through the inguinal canal. 1. Ureters 2. Common iliac artery

Question 32

What 2 structures does the testicular artery cross before entering the inguinal canal?

Answer 32

1) Ureters 2) Common iliac artery

Question 33

What is the term used for the 8-12 anastomosing veins associated with the testis?

Answer 33

Pampiniform plexus

Question 34

What is the function of the pampiniform plexus?

Answer 34

Thermoregulation to allow sperm maturation

Question 35

Into which veins does the right and left testicular vein drain into?

Answer 35

The right testicular vein drains into IVC The left testicular vein drains into left renal vein

Question 36

What is a varicocele?

Answer 36

Enlargement of the veins within scrotum

Question 37

What is the main cause of varicocele?

Answer 37

Defective valves

Question 38

What 2 lymph node groups receive lymph from the testis?

Answer 38

Para-aortic and Lumbar

Question 39

What is the lymphatic drainage of the following: - prostate - seminal vesicle - scrotum - penis

Answer 39

* Prostate * Internal iliac and sacral nodes * Seminal vesicle * Internal and external lymph nodes * Scrotum * Inguinal lymph nodes * Penis * Deep inguinal lymph nodes

Question 40

What is the function of the epididymis?

Answer 40

The epididymis is attached to the body of the testis, and stores sperm that is produced by the testis.

Question 41

What is the vas deferens and what does it connect?

Answer 41

This is a muscular tube which arises from the tail of the **epididymis**, traverses the **inguinal canal** and enters the pelvis by crossing over the external iliac vessels. It terminates by joining the duct of the seminal gland to form the **ejaculatory duct.**

Question 42

What vessel does the vas deferns cross after entering the pelvis?

Answer 42

External iliac vessels

Question 43

What does the vas deferens form when it joins the duct of the seminal gland?

Answer 43

Ejaculatory duct

Question 44

What are the seminal glands also called?

Answer 44

Seminal vesicles

Question 45

Where are the seminal glands located?

Answer 45

These paired structures are located on either side of the posterior surface of the bladder, note their relation to the ureter, the vas deferens and the prostate gland.

Question 46

What secretions are prodcued by the seminal vesicles?

Answer 46

Constitutes bulk of the seminal fluid, thick fluid contains fructose, proteins, citric acid, inorganic phosphorus, potassium and prostaglandins

Question 47

What is the prostate gland infused to and what does it surround?

Answer 47

The prostate gland is fused to the inferior part (neck) of the bladder and surrounds the prostatic urethra

Question 48

What secretions are produced by the prostate?

Answer 48

Proteolytic enzymes, prostatic acid, phosphatase, fibrinolysis, zinc and prostate-specific antigen

Question 49

What is A?

Answer 49

Vas deferens

Question 50

What is B?

Answer 50

Ureter

Question 51

What is C?

Answer 51

Seminal vesicle

Question 52

What is D?

Answer 52

Prostate

Question 53

Why might an enlarged prostate gland cause retention of urine?

Answer 53

Due to obstruction of urethra

Question 54

What is the clinical significance of drainage from the prostatic venous plexus? (Think of how cancer spreads)

Answer 54

The prostatic venous plexus drains into the internal iliac vein which connects with the vertebral venous plexus, this is thought to be the route of bone metastasis of prostate cancer.

Question 55

What are bulbourethral glands also called?

Answer 55

Cowper's glands

Question 56

Where are bulbourethral glands located?

Answer 56

These are small, paired structures located in the **urogenital diaphragm** which empty into the **penile/spongy urethra**.

Question 57

Where do bulbourethral glands release into?

Answer 57

penile/spongy urethra.

Question 58

What secretions are produced by bulbourethral glands?

Answer 58

Alkaline mucus like fluid (Cowper’s fluid)

Question 59

Describe the histological features of the testis (seminiferous tubules)?

Answer 59

Convoluted tubules sectioned in various planes 4-8 layers of cells Spermatozoa in the lumen Leydig cells in the interstitial spaces between tubules

Question 60

Describe the histological features of the prostate?

Answer 60

Serous alveoli with infolding epithelium Trabeculae of muscular stroma Amorphous eosinophilic masses, called corpora amylacea, in the alveoli in older men

Question 61

Describe the histological features of the seminal vesicle?

Answer 61

No sperms in the lumen Highly recessed and irregular lumen forming crypts and cavities giving a honey-combed appearance Well-developed muscular externa

Question 62

Describe the histological features of the ductus deferens?

Answer 62

Lumen Stellate in shape A thick-walled muscular tube Epithelial lining and its supporting lamina propria are thrown into longitudinal folds

Question 63

What is this image?

Answer 63

ductus deferens

Question 64

What is this image?

Answer 64

Seminal vesicle

Question 65

What is this image?

Answer 65

epididymis

Question 66

What is this image?

Answer 66

testes

Question 67

What is this image?

Answer 67

prostate