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Science > Reproducting And Genetics > Flashcards

Reproducting And Genetics Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ovaries

A

Store and release eggs

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2
Q

The Fallopian Tubes

A

Carry the egg to the uterus, fertilisation occurs here

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3
Q

The uterus (womb)

A

Is where the fertilised egg becomes implanted and finds nourishment

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4
Q

The cervix

A

Leads from the vagina to the uterus

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5
Q

The vagina

A

Holds the male penis during sexual intercourse

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6
Q

Ovulation

A

An egg is released from the ovary an average of every 28 days

During the 28 day menstrual cycle a girls body gets ready in case pregnancy occurs

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7
Q

The egg is released

A

On a day 13-15 of the menstrual cycle and it passes along the fallopian tube to the uterus

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8
Q

Menstruation/Period

A

The lining and a small amount of blood pass out through the vagina (day 1-5)

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9
Q

The Fertile Period

A

These are the days of the menstrual cycle when the woman is most likely to become pregnant

Intercourse 2 or 3 days before, during or after ovulation could lead to fertilisation because sperm cells can survive for this long

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10
Q

Menopause

A

Signals the end of a female’s ability to reproduce and also the end of her menstrual cycle. It happens at different ages for different people, typically in the late 40’s to early 50’s.

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11
Q

The Teste

A

Produces sperm

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12
Q

The scrotum

A

Is where the teste are, it is located outside the body to ensure the temperature is lower than body temperature for healthy sperm

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13
Q

The epididymis

A

Is a coiled tube on the outside of each testis that stores sperm and allows them to mature fully.

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14
Q

The gas deferens (sperm duct)

A

Brings the sperm from the testes to the penis

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15
Q

The seminal vesicles, prostate gland and Cowper’s gland

A

Produce seminal fluid which mixes with the sperm to form semen, it nourishes the sperm and allow them to swim

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16
Q

The penis

A

Enters the female and ejaculates semen

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17
Q

Puberty

A

Describe when the body starts becoming sexually mature (reproductive organs develop). It normally happens between the ages of 10 and 16

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18
Q

Male puberty

A

In males, sex hormones (testosterone) are released causing the voice to deepen, hair grows around the sex organs, face, chest and underarms, the testes and penis grows bigger and starts to produce sperm

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19
Q

Female puberty

A

In females when the sex hormones (oestrogen and progesterone) are released the breast develop, hips widen, and hair begins to grow on the body

The first egg is released from the ovaries which leads to the first period occurring

An egg will be released every month until the menopause

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20
Q

During intercourse the man’s

A

Penis fills with blood and becomes hard enough to be placed inside the woman’s vagina

21
Q

Semen

A

A mixture of sperms cells and seminal fluid called semen is released into the vagina

22
Q

The sperms swim

A

Up the uterus and into the fallopian tubes

23
Q

Fertilisation

A

If an egg is present in the fallopian tube, and a couple have sexual intercourse, then one of the sperm cells may fuse with it

24
Q

Fertilised egg

A

The nuclei of the sperm and egg fuse together to form a fertilised egg and at that point the woman is now pregnant

25
Q

Zygote

A

Egg and sperm fuse to form a single cell

26
Q

Embryo

A

Cell division occurs and growth

27
Q

Foetus

A

Which attaches to the lining of the uterus (implantation) grows more, and after 8 weeks looks like a human

28
Q

Pregnancy

A

The average length of a human pregnancy Is 40 weeks

29
Q

Amniotic fluid

A

As the embryo develops in the uterus it is protected inside a bag of fluid called amniotic fluid.

This fluid provides a cushion for the embryo

30
Q

Umbilical cord

A

A tube called the umbilical cord joins the embryo to the placenta

31
Q

The placenta

A

Is rich in blood vessels

It is here at the placenta that food and oxygen from the mothers blood pass into the baby’s blood

Also wastes so Carbon dioxide pass from the baby’s blood into the mothers

32
Q

Birth/Labour

A

The birth of a baby begins when the uterus muscles starts to contract

33
Q

Waters break

A

The bag of amniotic fluid bursts “waters break” and further contractions push the baby out usually the head first, through the vagina

34
Q

Afterbirth

A

The umbilical cord is cut and the placenta (afterbirth) comes out after

35
Q

Lactation

A

The production of breast milk is called lactation.

36
Q

Colostrum

A

The first three days of milk is called colostrum - very nutritious, and helps protect the baby from infection

37
Q

Family planning

A

To control the number of children you have you need to control the number of times fertilisation takes place

38
Q

Natural methods of contraception

A

Aim to detect the day ovulation takes place and avoid intercourse during the fertile period

39
Q

Artificial methods of contraception

A

Prevent the sperm and egg meeting

An example of this is a condom which prevents sperm entering the vagina

Another example is the contraceptive pill which prevents ovulation

It is important to realise no method is 100% reliable

40
Q

Asexual

A

Distinguish between asexual and sexual reproduction in plants and describe a way in which a named plant can reproduce asexually

41
Q

Asexual reproduction (of plants)

A

• Involves two parent plants
• A cell from each combining to produce a seed which becomes a new plant
• This plant has features of both parents
e.g. apple, dandelions

42
Q

Sexual reproduction (of plants)

A

• involves only one parent
• cells from this parent divide and a new plant grows from these cells
• this plant is identical to the parent
e.g. strawberries, potatoes, spider plant, buttercup

43
Q

Genetics

A

is the study of the inheritance of Characteristics

44
Q

Inheritable characteristics

A

Inheritable characteristics: Many physical characteristics such as eye colour and shape of ears were inherited from your parents
• The instructions for these inherited characteristics were carried in the two cells that made you the egg and sperm

45
Q

Chromosomes

A

The nucleus of each sex cell (gamete) contains 23 thread like structures called Chromosomes

Chromosomes are made of protein + DNA. These chromosomes carry genes

46
Q

Genes

A

are chemicals found on chromosomes that pass on information from parents to children

47
Q

DNA

A

DeoxyriboNucleic Acid

48
Q

46

A

When an egg and
sperm cell fuse (each has 23chromosomes) they give the individual they are creating 46 chromosomes
• One set comes from the mother the other from the father

Science (8 decks)

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