repro histology

Question 1

parts of oocytes (outside to inside)

Answer 1

germinal epithelium, tunica albuginea, stroma, cortex, medulla

Question 2

primordial follicle epithelium

Answer 2

flattened epithelial cells

Question 3

primary follicle cells (outside to inside)

Answer 3

zona granulosa (thicc layer of granulosa cells), zona pellucida (thicc layer of glycoproteins and acid proteoglycans), oocyte (single layer of cuboidal epithelium cells)

Question 4

secondary follicle cells (outside to inside)

Answer 4

zona granulosa (thicc layer of granulosa cells), follicular antrum (fluid filled), cumulus oophorus (thickened granulosa layer surrounding oocyte), corona radiata (layer of granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte), oocyte (stratified cuboidal epithelium)

Question 5

Graafian follicle cells (outside to inside)

Answer 5

theca externa, theca interna, zona granulosa, follicular antrum, cumulus oophorus, corona radiata, oocyte

Question 6

how to identify atretic follicles

Answer 6

atretic follicles are replaced by collagenous tissue to form corpus fibrosum, characterized by a glassy membrane (thickening of basement membrane between granulosa cells and theca interna)

Question 7

features of the fallopian tube (outside to inside)

Answer 7

serosa, smooth muscle (longitudinal outer, smooth inner), mucosa (simple columnar epithelium, some ciliated and some secretory, lamina propria)

Question 8

uterus cells (outside to inside)

Answer 8

serosa (mesothelial cells continuous with the broad ligament), myometrium (outer longitudinal, middle circular, inner longitudinal, supplied by spiral arteries), endometrium (simple columnar epithelium forming tubular glands surrounded by vascular stroma)

endometrium consists of superficial stratum functionalis (stratum compactum and stratum spongiosum), and permanent stratum basalis

Question 9

menstrual phase histological changes

Answer 9

stratum functionalis degenerates and loses mucosae and blood

Question 10

proliferative phase histological changes

Answer 10

• stratum functionalis grows
• endometrial glands have smooth contour
• ciliated cell patches appear
• stroma consists of star shaped cells
• mild inflammation leads to increased leukocytes

Question 11

secretory phase histological changes

Answer 11

• endometrium size doubles
• large amount of glycogen accumulation causes cells to appear empty
• glands become wide, tortuous, sacculated with sawtooth appearance
• large increase in leukocytes

Question 12

ischemic phase histological changes

Answer 12

• spiral arteries constriction
• necrosis of the stratum functionalis
• rupture of vessel wall occurs with sudden dilation of arteries, causing stratum functionalis to break off (menstruation)

Question 13

vagina cells (outside to inside)

Answer 13

adventitia, smooth muscle, mucosa (stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium, lamina propria)

Question 14

parts of the testis (outside to inside)

Answer 14

epididymis, tunica (vaginalis, albuginea, vasculosa), seminiferous tubules connected to rete testis

Question 15

cells found in the seminiferous tubules

Answer 15

stratified epithelium, Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, myoid cells, fibroblasts

Question 16

Leydig cells histological appearance

Answer 16

• found outside the tubule in the interstitium
• round nuclei
• extensive acidophilic cytoplasm

Question 17

Sertoli cells histological appearance

Answer 17

• tall, irregular columnar shape
• triangular or ovoid nuclei found near the basement membrane of seminiferous tubule

Question 18

pathway travelled by sperm

Answer 18

ductulus efferentes –> epididymis –> vas deferens –> common ejaculatory ducts –> urethra

Question 19

histological features of the epididymis

Answer 19

• pseudostratified columnar epithelium lined by tall columnar absorptive cells with non-motile stereocilia and small basal cells
• smooth muscle coat
• connective tissue stroma/lamina propria
• wide lumen (or wider than seminiferous tubules)

Question 20

histological features of the vas deferens

Answer 20

• pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia
• lamina propria with elastic fibres
• thick smooth muscle wall (inner longitudinal, middle circular, outer longitudinal)

Question 21

histological features of seminal vesicles

Answer 21

• highly folded mucosa with honeycomb appearance
• pseudostratified columnar secretory epithelium with basal cells
• lamina propria with elastic fibres, smooth muscle wall (circular and longitudinal)
• adventitia with elastic fibres

Question 22

histological features of prostate gland

Answer 22

• fibroelastic capsule
• rich in smooth muscle
• acini lined by pale pseudostratified columnar/cuboidal epithelium
• acinar cells are rich in lysosomes and contain acid phosphatase
• (IN OLD PEOPLE) corpora amylacea: calcified glycoprotein found in old age

Question 23

3 regions of the penis

Answer 23

root, body (2 corpora cavernosa filled with smooth muscle, 1 corpus spongiosum with less smooth muscle containing the urethra), glans penis (stratified squamous partially keratinised epithelium)

urethra is stratified columnar –> squamous epithelium progressing down the penis