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M2 Reproduction > pelvic anatomy > Flashcards

pelvic anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

pelvic inlet boundaries

A

ant: symphysis pubis
post: promontory and ala of sacrum
lat: iliopectineal lines

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2
Q

pelvic outlet boundaries

A

ant: symphysis pubis
post: coccyx
anterolat: ischiopubic ramus
posterolat: sacrotuberous ligament

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3
Q

parts of the hip bone

A

ilium, pubis, ischium and acetabulum (where the three bones fuse)

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4
Q

parts of the pelvic girdle (posterior to anterior)

A

coccyx, sacrum, ilium, ischium, pubis, pubic symphysis

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5
Q

parts of the sacrum

A

sacral promontory (anterior lip of S1), anterior sacral foramen, sacral canal (entry for cauda equina), sacral hiatus

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6
Q

parts of the coccyx

A

fusion of the spinal column’s last 3-4 vertebrae

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7
Q

parts of the iliac fossa

A

anterior superior iliac spine, anterior inferior iliac spine, iliac crest, sacroiliac joint

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8
Q

parts of the pubis

A

superior rami, pubic crest, pubic tubercle, pubic symphysis, inferior rami

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9
Q

parts of the ischium

A

ischial spine, ischial tuberosity, inferior rami

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10
Q

male vs female pelvic bones

A

bones: heavier and thicker vs lighter and thinner
pelvic cavity: narrow and deep vs wide and shallow
pelvic inlet: heart shaped and small vs oval
sacrum: narrow, long and straight vs wide, short and curved
subpubic angle: acute vs large
coccyx: less flexible, curved vs flexible, straight
ischial spine: medially inverted vs everted

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11
Q

pelvic ligaments and their connections

A

sacrospinous ligament (sacrum to iliac spine)

sacrotuberous ligament (sacrum to pubic tuberosity)

obturator membrane (pubis to ischium)

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12
Q

foramens in the pelvis

A

greater sciatic foramen, lesser sciatic foramen, obturator canal

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13
Q

pelvic floor hiatuses

A

rectal/anal hiatus and urogenital hiatus

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14
Q

pelvic floor muscles

A

levator ani muscles (anterior to posterior): puborectalis, pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus

coccygeus muscle

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15
Q

levator ani origin and insertion

A

origin: ant - pubic body of hip bone, lat - tendinous arch of obturator internus, post - ischial spine

insertion: u-shaped sling inserting at puborectalis muscle

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16
Q

coccygeus origin and insertion

A

origin: ischial spine
insertion: back wall of pelvis

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17
Q

prostate functions

A

produce part of seminal fluid to nourish and transport sperm in semen

18
Q

prostate lobes and zones

A

lobes: anterior, median, posterior

zones: fibromuscular stroma, transitional zone (BPH), central zone, peripheral zone (prostate cancer)

19
Q

ejaculatory duct anatomy

A

paired structures formed by the union of vas deferens and seminal vesicle duct, passing through the prostate and opening into the prostatic urethra

20
Q

prostatic urethra parts

A

prostatic sinuses, urethral crest (where ejaculatory ducts open), prostatic utricle, ducts of glandular elements of prostate, ejaculatory ducts

21
Q

uvula vesicae cause and treatment

A

uvula vesicae is a projection into the bladder caused by the middle lobe of prostate, may obstruct the passage of urine from the bladder and is surgically removed

22
Q

uterus components

A

consists of the fundus, body and cervix, internal os between cervix and uterus and external os between cervix and vagina

23
Q

anteversion and anteflexion of uterus angles

A

anteversion: long axis of cervix to long axis of vagina (90°)

anteflexion: long axis of uterus to long axis of cervix (170°)

24
Q

where is the incision of lower segment caesarean section done?

A

isthmus uteri: between the internal os and upper 1/5 of the cervix

25
Q

broad ligament location

A

extends from the sides of the uterus to the lateral walls of the pelvis, enveloping the uterine vessels, lymphatics, ovarian ligament, and vestigial remnants of mesonephric tubules

26
Q

parts of the broad ligament

A

mesometrium: around the uterus
mesosalphinx: around the fallopian tube
mesovarium: around the ovary

27
Q

fibromuscular (cardinal) ligament location

A

extends between the cervix and the side of the pelvic wall, uterine artery travels to the uterus through this ligament anterior to the ureter

28
Q

structures playing a role in uterine support

A
  1. pelvic diaphragm
  2. cardinal ligament
  3. perineal body
  4. anteversion and anteflexion of uterus
  5. round ligament of uterus
  6. urogenital diaphragm
  7. uterosacral ligament
  8. pubocervical ligament
  9. broad ligament
29
Q

fallopian tubes anatomy

A

transport the ova from the ovaries to the uterus, consist of the fimbriae, infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, interstitium

30
Q

where does fertilisation usually occur?

A

ampulla of the fallopian tubes

31
Q

tubes of tubectomy of the fallopian tubes

A

banded, tied, cauterized tubectomy

32
Q

types of ovarian cysts

A

dermoid cyst, functional cyst, endonetrioma, benign cystadenoma, polycystic ovary syndrome

33
Q

divisions of the internal iliac artery

A

anteriorly: obturator, middle rectal, superior vesical, uterine (in females), inferior vesical (/vaginal in females), inferior gluteal, internal pudendal

posteriorly: superior gluteal, iliolumbar, lateral sacral

34
Q

prostatic venous vasculature

A

prostatic veins form a plexus around the sides and base of the prostatic gland, receiving the deep dorsal veins of the penis and draining into the internal iliac veins

35
Q

uterine arterial vasculature

A

internal iliac arteries –> uterine arteries –> ureter at upper part of cervix –> branches to cervix + vagina + runs alongside uterus –> anastamose superiorly with ovarian artery at fallopian tubes

uterine arteries anastamose extensively with each other across the midline

36
Q

fallopian tube vasculature

A

supply by tubal branches of the ovarian artery (directly from aorta) and uterine artery (from internal iliac artery) which anastamose below the tube between the broad ligament

37
Q

uterine venous drainage

A

uterine veins follow the artery along the lower edge of the broad ligament to drain into the internal iliac vein

38
Q

uterine innervation

A

inferior hypogastric plexus innervation

sympathetic: T12 + L1 to produce uterine contraction and vasoconstriction

parasympathetic: S2, S3, S4 pelvic splanchnic nerves to produce uterine inhibition and vasodilation

39
Q

pelvic pain line associations

A

structures above or in contact with the inferior peritoneum: visceral pain is conveyed via symp splanchnic nerves

structures below the inferior peritoneum: visceral pain conveyed via parasymp pelvic splanchnic nerves

40
Q

rectocele definition

A

rectum pushing into post vaginal wall (due to weakening of pelvic floor muscles and connective tissue bw the back wall of the vagina and rectum)

41
Q

cystocele definition

A

bladder pushing into anterior vaginal wall (due to weakening of pelvic floor muscles and connective tissue supporting the bladder and front wall of vagina)

M2 Reproduction (2 decks)

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