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Boards Study > Repro Clincial > Flashcards

Repro Clincial Flashcards

1
Q

bartholin’s cyst

A
  • most common vulvovaginal tumor
  • less than 3 cm = asympt
  • usually unilat swelling
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2
Q

vaginal trauma

A

most common cause is sexual assault

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3
Q

cystocele

A

anterior vaginal prolapse

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4
Q

rectocele

A

posterior vaginal prolapse

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5
Q

VIN III/Squamous Cell Carcinoma in situ: Usual type

A

HPV16, smoking, immunocompromised status

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6
Q

VIN III/Squamous Cell Carcinoma in situ: Differentiated VIN

A

not associated with HPV, more commonly associated with Lichen Sclerosis

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7
Q

Paget’s Dz: vulva

A

Occurs in postmenopausal white F & can also occur in nipple areas of the breast

  • have underlying carcinoma (breast or colon)
  • Sx: itching & tenderness
  • fiery red background with white plaque like lesions
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8
Q

Squamous Cell Vulvar Carcinoma

A

Postmenop. females bt 70-80 y/o

  • pruritic, raised, ulcerated, pigmented or warty in appearance usually on labia majora
  • Spread: direct extension, lymphatic embolization to regional LNs, hematogenous spread to distant sites (Lung, liver, bone)
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9
Q

Verrucous Carcinoma

A
  • Lesions are cauliflower-like

- Radiation is contraindicated –> induce anaplastic transformation

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10
Q

Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia (VAIN)

A

-HPV virus related
50-90% of pts with VAIN will have coexistent or prior neoplasia or cancer of the cervix or vulva
-Dx: asymptomatic, considered with an abnorm pap

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11
Q

Sarcoma Botryoides

A
  • Presents as a mass of grape-like polyps protruding from the introitus
  • tumor is embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
  • 2-3 y/o
  • Tx: surgical resection, chemo, +/- radiation
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12
Q

Bacterial Vaginosis

A

-M.C. cause of vaginitis
-Gardnerella vaginalis
RFs: new/multiple sex partners, smoking, IUD, douching
-Sx: malodourous fishy amine odor especially after intercourse, profuse thin milky discharge often
-Dx: clue cells in saline wet mount, KOH + whiff test, vaginal fluid pH > 4.5
-Tx: Metronidazole BID x 7 days

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13
Q

Meyer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome

A

complete lack of development of the paramesonephric system results in Mullerian agenesis = absence of the uterus and most of the vagina

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14
Q

Ovarian Torsion

A

complete or partial rotation of the ovary on its ligmentous supports, which often results in impedance of it’s blood supply
primary RF: ovarian mass > 5 cm

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15
Q

Adnexal torsion

A

ovary & fallopian tube both twist

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16
Q

Isolated torsion

A

torsion of just the FT or FT cysts are rare

17
Q

Presentation of ovarian torsion

A

acute onset of u/L pain, nausea & possibly vomiting

-Dx: U/S

18
Q

Threatened Abortion

A

vaginal bleeding & closed cervix

19
Q

inevitable abortion

A

vaginal bleeding & the cervix is partially dilated

-loss in inevitable

20
Q

incomplete abortion

A
  • vaginal bleeding, cramping lower abd pain with dilated cervix
  • passage of some but not all products of conception
21
Q

Anembryonic gestation: blighted ovum

A

fertilized egg develops a placenta but no embryo

-U/S reveals empty gestational sac

22
Q

Rh Isoimmunization

A

immunologic disorder that occurs in a preg, Rh-NEG women carrying an Rh-POS fetus
-RhoGAM - used to prevent maternal production of Abs

23
Q

Single dose of RhoGAM

A
  • Prevent isoimmunization after an exposure up to 30 mL of Rh D + whole blood or 15 mL of fetal red blood cells
  • admin at 28 wks and within 72 hrs after delivery of a Rh D + infant
24
Q

Kleinhauer-Betke Test

A
  • identifies fetal RBCs in maternal blood

- will determine if additional RhoGAM is necessary

25
Q

Fetal Hydrops

A

-ascites, pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, skin or scalp edema

26
Q

Dystocia

A
  • difficult labor
  • dysfxnal labor characterizing that labor is not progressing normally
  • Abnormalities of: power, passenger, passage
27
Q

Consider augementing in active phase if

A

contractions are less than 3 in 10 min period and/or the intensity is less than 25 mm/Hg
-oxytocin is recommended

28
Q

Power: Minimal effective uterine activity

A
  • 3 contractions in a 10 min period averaging 25 mmHg above baseline
  • > 200 MVU for at least 2 hrs
  • document for 4 hrs before going to c-section
29
Q

shoulder dystocia

A

delivery that required additional obstetric maneuvers following failure of gentle downward traction on the fetal head to effect delivery of the shoulders

30
Q

Cause of shoulder dystocia

A

impaction of the anterior fetal shoulder behind the maternal pubic symphysis or the impaction of the post shoulder on the sacral promontory
-turtle sign= retraction of the delivered fetal head against the maternal perineum (baby’s head comes out and retracts back)

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