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REPRO - ANATOMY Flashcards

1
Q

What are the attachments of the false pelvis/pelvic inlet?

A
  • Anteriorly =lower part of the anterior abdominal wall
  • Posteriorly = lumbar vertebrae
  • Laterally = iliac fossa & iliac muscle
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2
Q

What’s the function of the false pelvis/pelvic inlet?

A
  • Helps to support the abdominal contents

- Has a role in childbirth & pregnancy as it helps guide the foetus to the true pelvis during labour

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3
Q

What are the attachments of the true pelvis/pelvis outlet?

A
  • Laterally = ischial tuberosity
  • Posteriorly = coccyx
  • Anteriorly = pubic arch
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4
Q

What are the three notches of the pelvic outlet/true pelvis?

A
  • Laterally = greater & lesser sciatic notches

- Anteriorly = pubic arch

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5
Q

What is the sub-pubic angle of the male pelvis?

A
  • 50-60

- Heart shaped

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6
Q

What is the sub-pubic angle of the female pelvis?

A
  • 80-85

- Circular

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7
Q

What are the functions of the pelvic floor?

A
  1. Supports viscera

2. Separates pelvic cavity from perineum below

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8
Q

What structures make up the pelvic floor?

A
  • Levator ani, coccygeus & their faschial coverings
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9
Q

Why is the pelvic floor incomplete anteriorly?

A
  • Allows for passage of urethra & vagina through the UROGENITAL HIATUS
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10
Q

What is the levator ani?

A
  • Posterior pubis

- With a linea thickening over obturator internus & spine of ischium

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11
Q

What two muscles make up the levator ani?

A
  1. Pubococcygeus

2. Illiococcygeus

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12
Q

Where does the pubococcygeus run from?

A
  • Pubus –> Coccygeus
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13
Q

Where does the illiococcygeus run from?

A
  • Illius –> Coccygeus
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14
Q

What’s the function of the levator ani muscles?

A
  1. Helps support the lower GI & reproductive system

2. Helps with continence as the levator ani muscles of the pelvic floor help the urethra to contract

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15
Q

What are the two bodies of the pelvic floor?

A
  1. Anococcygeal body

2. Perineal body

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16
Q

What can happen if there’s damage to the perineal body?

A
  • Perineal body separates rectum & vagina (also found in males)
  • Damage e.g childbirth can lead to a prolapse of structures
  • Uterus & cervix can prolapse through pelvic floor externally leading to bulging
  • Rectal prolapse can also occur
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17
Q

Where does the coccygeus muscle originate?

A

Ischial spine

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18
Q

What three muscles make up the pubococcygeus in females?

A
  1. Pubovaginalis
  2. Puborectalis
  3. Pubococcygeus proper
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19
Q

What three muscles make up the pubococcygeus in males?

A
  1. Levator prostatae
  2. Puborectalis
  3. Pubococcygeus proper
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20
Q

What’s the difference in the pubococcygeus between males & females?

A
  • Males have LEVATOR PROSTATAE but females have PUBOVAGINALIS
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21
Q

What are the two ligaments of the pelvic floor?

A
  1. Sacrospinous ligament

2. Sacrotuberous ligament

22
Q

Where does the sacrospinous ligament run?

A
  • Sacrum –> Ischial spine
23
Q

Where does the sacrotuberous ligament run?

A
  • Sacrum -> Ischial tuberosity
24
Q

What are the 8 branches of the anterior branch of the internal illiac?

A
  1. Inferior gluteal artery
  2. Middle rectal artery
  3. Internal pudendal
  4. Dorsal artery of penis
  5. Inferior vesical artery
  6. Obturator artery
  7. Umbilical artery
  8. Superior vesical artery
25
What artery is the anterior branch of the internal illiac continuous with?
- Inferior gluteal
26
What artery is the internal pudendal continuous with?
- Dorsal artery of the penis
27
What artery is the umbilical artery continuous with?
- Superior vesical artery
28
What structures does the internal illiac supply?
- Base of the bladder - Prosate gland - Vas deferens - Female 'vaginal artery'
29
What does the inferior gluteal artery do?
- Supplies muscles of gluteal region & hip joint
30
What does the internal pudendal artery do?
- Supplies structures of the perineum | - Exits the pelvic cavity via greater & lesser foramen before entering perineal cavity
31
What does the umbilical artery do?
- Carries blood to the placenta - Becomes medial umbilical fold - Gives rise to superior vesical artery
32
What is the inferior rectal artery?
- Branch of the internal pudendal artery
33
What are the three branches of the posterior branch of the internal iliac?
1. Iliolumbar artery 2. Lateral sacral artery 3. Superior gluteal artery
34
Describe the descent of the testes
- The testes migrate down to the posterior abdominal wall - Pass through posterior abdominal wall via the inguinal canal - If scrotum doesn't form, testes doesn't have anything to descend into - e.g Androgen insensitivity Syndrome
35
What does the spermatic cord connect?
- Scrotum & abdomen
36
What forms the spermatic faschia?
- Once the testes have descended, the layers of the abdominal wall form the spermatic facshia - Spermatic faschia surrounds spermatic cord
37
What is testicular torsion?
- Rotation of testis around the spermatic cord within the scrotum
38
What are the symptoms of testicular torsion?
- Severe pain in scrotum, extending to inguinal region - Testis higher up than normal - Can produce fever - Absence of cremasteric reflex (contracts the testes & pulls them in)
39
What does the fundiform ligament do?
- Tethers the penis upwards towards the abdominal wall
40
What ligament connects the ovary to uterus?
- Round ligament of the ovary - Connects ovary to lateral wall of uterus - Formed from remnants of gubernaculum
41
What is anteversion?
- Long axis of uterine body is bent forward on the long axis of the vagina
42
What is antefleXion?
- Long axis of uterine body is bent forward on the long axis of the cerviX
43
What are the three parts of the broad ligament?
1. Mesometrium 2. Mesosalpinx 3. Mesovarium m,s,v (alphabetical order)
44
What is the mesometrium?
- Largest part - Runs laterally - Covers round ligament of the uterus - Ureter runs under
45
What is the mesosalpinx?
- Encloses uterine tube
46
What is the mesovarium?
- Attached to hilium of ovary | - Projects from posterior surface of broad ligament
47
What muscle covers the obturator foramen?
- Obturator internus
48
How do the obturator vessels reach the lower limb?
- Obturator canal
49
At what junction do the puborectalis muscles form a sling?
- Ano-rectal junction | - Forms an angle which assists the sphincters of the rectal canal to maintain continence
50
In adults. what structure does the umbilical artery become?
- Medial umbilical ligament

ANATOMY (2 decks)

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