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ANATOMY > REPRO - ANATOMY > Flashcards

REPRO - ANATOMY Flashcards

1
Q

What are the attachments of the false pelvis/pelvic inlet?

A
  • Anteriorly =lower part of the anterior abdominal wall
  • Posteriorly = lumbar vertebrae
  • Laterally = iliac fossa & iliac muscle
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2
Q

What’s the function of the false pelvis/pelvic inlet?

A
  • Helps to support the abdominal contents

- Has a role in childbirth & pregnancy as it helps guide the foetus to the true pelvis during labour

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3
Q

What are the attachments of the true pelvis/pelvis outlet?

A
  • Laterally = ischial tuberosity
  • Posteriorly = coccyx
  • Anteriorly = pubic arch
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4
Q

What are the three notches of the pelvic outlet/true pelvis?

A
  • Laterally = greater & lesser sciatic notches

- Anteriorly = pubic arch

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5
Q

What is the sub-pubic angle of the male pelvis?

A
  • 50-60

- Heart shaped

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6
Q

What is the sub-pubic angle of the female pelvis?

A
  • 80-85

- Circular

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7
Q

What are the functions of the pelvic floor?

A
  1. Supports viscera

2. Separates pelvic cavity from perineum below

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8
Q

What structures make up the pelvic floor?

A
  • Levator ani, coccygeus & their faschial coverings
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9
Q

Why is the pelvic floor incomplete anteriorly?

A
  • Allows for passage of urethra & vagina through the UROGENITAL HIATUS
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10
Q

What is the levator ani?

A
  • Posterior pubis

- With a linea thickening over obturator internus & spine of ischium

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11
Q

What two muscles make up the levator ani?

A
  1. Pubococcygeus

2. Illiococcygeus

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12
Q

Where does the pubococcygeus run from?

A
  • Pubus –> Coccygeus
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13
Q

Where does the illiococcygeus run from?

A
  • Illius –> Coccygeus
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14
Q

What’s the function of the levator ani muscles?

A
  1. Helps support the lower GI & reproductive system

2. Helps with continence as the levator ani muscles of the pelvic floor help the urethra to contract

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15
Q

What are the two bodies of the pelvic floor?

A
  1. Anococcygeal body

2. Perineal body

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16
Q

What can happen if there’s damage to the perineal body?

A
  • Perineal body separates rectum & vagina (also found in males)
  • Damage e.g childbirth can lead to a prolapse of structures
  • Uterus & cervix can prolapse through pelvic floor externally leading to bulging
  • Rectal prolapse can also occur
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17
Q

Where does the coccygeus muscle originate?

A

Ischial spine

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18
Q

What three muscles make up the pubococcygeus in females?

A
  1. Pubovaginalis
  2. Puborectalis
  3. Pubococcygeus proper
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19
Q

What three muscles make up the pubococcygeus in males?

A
  1. Levator prostatae
  2. Puborectalis
  3. Pubococcygeus proper
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20
Q

What’s the difference in the pubococcygeus between males & females?

A
  • Males have LEVATOR PROSTATAE but females have PUBOVAGINALIS
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21
Q

What are the two ligaments of the pelvic floor?

A
  1. Sacrospinous ligament

2. Sacrotuberous ligament

22
Q

Where does the sacrospinous ligament run?

A
  • Sacrum –> Ischial spine
23
Q

Where does the sacrotuberous ligament run?

A
  • Sacrum -> Ischial tuberosity
24
Q

What are the 8 branches of the anterior branch of the internal illiac?

A
  1. Inferior gluteal artery
  2. Middle rectal artery
  3. Internal pudendal
  4. Dorsal artery of penis
  5. Inferior vesical artery
  6. Obturator artery
  7. Umbilical artery
  8. Superior vesical artery
25
Q

What artery is the anterior branch of the internal illiac continuous with?

A
  • Inferior gluteal
26
Q

What artery is the internal pudendal continuous with?

A
  • Dorsal artery of the penis
27
Q

What artery is the umbilical artery continuous with?

A
  • Superior vesical artery
28
Q

What structures does the internal illiac supply?

A
  • Base of the bladder
  • Prosate gland
  • Vas deferens
  • Female ‘vaginal artery’
29
Q

What does the inferior gluteal artery do?

A
  • Supplies muscles of gluteal region & hip joint
30
Q

What does the internal pudendal artery do?

A
  • Supplies structures of the perineum

- Exits the pelvic cavity via greater & lesser foramen before entering perineal cavity

31
Q

What does the umbilical artery do?

A
  • Carries blood to the placenta
  • Becomes medial umbilical fold
  • Gives rise to superior vesical artery
32
Q

What is the inferior rectal artery?

A
  • Branch of the internal pudendal artery
33
Q

What are the three branches of the posterior branch of the internal iliac?

A
  1. Iliolumbar artery
  2. Lateral sacral artery
  3. Superior gluteal artery
34
Q

Describe the descent of the testes

A
  • The testes migrate down to the posterior abdominal wall
  • Pass through posterior abdominal wall via the inguinal canal
  • If scrotum doesn’t form, testes doesn’t have anything to descend into - e.g Androgen insensitivity Syndrome
35
Q

What does the spermatic cord connect?

A
  • Scrotum & abdomen
36
Q

What forms the spermatic faschia?

A
  • Once the testes have descended, the layers of the abdominal wall form the spermatic facshia
  • Spermatic faschia surrounds spermatic cord
37
Q

What is testicular torsion?

A
  • Rotation of testis around the spermatic cord within the scrotum
38
Q

What are the symptoms of testicular torsion?

A
  • Severe pain in scrotum, extending to inguinal region
  • Testis higher up than normal
  • Can produce fever
  • Absence of cremasteric reflex (contracts the testes & pulls them in)
39
Q

What does the fundiform ligament do?

A
  • Tethers the penis upwards towards the abdominal wall
40
Q

What ligament connects the ovary to uterus?

A
  • Round ligament of the ovary
  • Connects ovary to lateral wall of uterus
  • Formed from remnants of gubernaculum
41
Q

What is anteversion?

A
  • Long axis of uterine body is bent forward on the long axis of the vagina
42
Q

What is antefleXion?

A
  • Long axis of uterine body is bent forward on the long axis of the cerviX
43
Q

What are the three parts of the broad ligament?

A
  1. Mesometrium
  2. Mesosalpinx
  3. Mesovarium
    m,s,v (alphabetical order)
44
Q

What is the mesometrium?

A
  • Largest part
  • Runs laterally
  • Covers round ligament of the uterus
  • Ureter runs under
45
Q

What is the mesosalpinx?

A
  • Encloses uterine tube
46
Q

What is the mesovarium?

A
  • Attached to hilium of ovary

- Projects from posterior surface of broad ligament

47
Q

What muscle covers the obturator foramen?

A
  • Obturator internus
48
Q

How do the obturator vessels reach the lower limb?

A
  • Obturator canal
49
Q

At what junction do the puborectalis muscles form a sling?

A
  • Ano-rectal junction

- Forms an angle which assists the sphincters of the rectal canal to maintain continence

50
Q

In adults. what structure does the umbilical artery become?

A
  • Medial umbilical ligament

ANATOMY (2 decks)

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