Repro 5 Flashcards
Describe the arterial supply and venous drainage of the ovaries.
Ovarian artery - direct branch of the abdominal aorta, inferior to renals.
R+L ovarian veins
- right drains into inferior vena cava
- left drains into the left renal vein and that drains into IVC.
What lymph nodes drain the ovaries?
Para aortic nodes.
Name and describe with respect to other organs, the pouches in the female.
Rectouterine pouch - posterior
- aka pouch of Douglas
- between the uterus and rectum
- access to this is via the posterior fornix of the vagina
Uterovesical pouch - anterior
- between bladder and uterus.
What is the ovarian ligament a remnant of, and what does it do?
It’s a remnant of the superior portion of the gubernaculum
It attaches the ovaries to the uterus.
It’s contained within the mesovarium.
What is the name of the connective tissue of the ovaries?
Describe its appearance over the course of life.
This is the Tunica Albuginea.
It its greyish in colour.
It becomes scarred and distorted over life due to repeated ovulations.
In which structure is the neurovascular supply of the uterus carried through?
Through the broad ligament.
- not a true ligament in the MSK sense.
What two structures does the round ligament of the uterus attach to?
What is its embryonic origin?
It attaches the ovaries to the labia majora
It’s the remnant of the gubernaculum.
It travels through the inguinal canal.
Describe the position of the uterus
Antiverted with respect to the vagina
Antiflexed with respect to the cervix.
What does the broad ligament of the uterus consist of?
Where is it located?
The broad ligament is found extending from the sides of the uterus to the lateral walls and the pelvis floor.
Mesovarium - mesentry that suspends the ovaries
Mesosalpinx - attaches Fallopian tubes to the broad ligament
Mesometrium
Name the different sections of the Fallopian tubes
From proximal to distal:
- isthmus
- ampulla (fertilisation occurs here)
- infundibulum
- fimbriae
- abdominal ostium
Conducts the oocyte into the uterus.
- lining of the uterus and Fallopian tubes is different
- Ectopic pregnancy here can cause haemorrhage easily.
What is ‘different’ about the abdominal ostium and its relationship with the peritoneum?
The ostium opens up into the peritoneal cavity.
Where is the endocervical canal?
In between the internal and external os.
What exactly is the cervix? Describe its location.
The cervix of the uterus is a fibromuscular structure which is similar to a neck. It protrudes into the vagina.
Describe the arterial supply, venous drainage and the lymphatics of the uterus.
Arterial - uterine artery. Below are branches leading to the uterine artery
- AA
- common Ileac
- internal Ileac
- anterior division
- uterine artery
Venous - via the uterine venous plexus.
- uterine venous plexus
- uterine vein
- internal Ileac
- IVC
Lymph nodes - different parts have different drainage
- fundus - aortic nodes
- body - external Ileac
- cervix - internal/external Ileac and sacral nodes
What structure can become damaged during a hysterectomy? (Non reproductive structure)
Ureters.
These pass below the uterine artery
‘Water under the bridge’
Where are the vaginal fornices located?
These are the recesses in the vagina of the cervix.
- IE where the cervix protrudes into the vagina, it creates small pockets either side. These are the vaginal fornices.
Describe the nerve supply to the vagina
Superior 4/5th - uterovaginal plexus
Inferior 1/5th - pudendal
What happens to pain above and below the pelvic pain line?
Above this, the back is referred
Below, the pain is localised.
Describe the blood supply to the vagina
Superior portion
- AA
- common Ileac
- internal Ileac
- anterior division
- vaginal artery
Middle and Inferior portion
- AA
- common Ileac
- internal Ileac
- anterior division
- pudendal artery
Describe the venous drainage of the vagina
- vaginal plexus
- vaginal vein
- uterine vein
- internal Ileac
- IVC
Describe the drainage of the testes starting from the capsule
- capsule
- seminiferous tubules
- rete testes
- efferent ducts
- epididymis (H B and T)
- vas deferens
What two types of cells constitute the seminiferous epithelium?
Sertoli cells, which also form the blood-testes barrier
Cells of the germ cell lineage.
What is the action of the efferent duct ?
Contribute to sperm transport via ciliary action and myoid contraction.
What is the epithelium of the epididymis ? The function?
Pseudostratified non keratinized with stereocilia
Involved in absorption mainly, not so much about movement.
