REPRO Flashcards
What is the estrus cycle of horses?
Horses are seasonally polyestrous, cycling through spring and summer
What is the feline estrus cycle?
Anestrus when the day length is less than 24 hrs
What are the two most common causes of obstructive dystocia in a cat?
Uterine torsion and enlarged fetus size
A previously healthy lactating dog 2 weeks after whelping shows signs of restlessness, whining, fever, muscle spasms and convulsions. What is the most likely cause?
The correct answer is eclampsia. This should be suspected in a nursing dog with neurologic signs, pain or stiffness. It is due to reduction in serum-ionized calcium secondary to the demands of producing large amounts of milk. Treatment is with calcium supplementation.
The preferred site for PRACTICAL artificial insemination in the mare and cow is
Artificial insemination (AI) with frozen or fresh semen is nearly always performed intrauterine in both the mare and the cow. Conception rates are optimal, compared with intravaginal or intracervical routes of AI.
Intravaginal routes result in very low conception rates unless sperm numbers are greatly increased, in which case one of the main advantages of AI (ability to dilute semen from a superior male and use it on several females) is lost.
Also, sperm will have much farther to go to get to the site of fertilization (ampulla of oviduct), and won’t have the advantage of being propelled towards the ampullae that sperm deposited intrauterine would have.
Given the same quality and quantity of semen/sperm, conception rates following intracervical routes of AI are higher than AI by intravaginal routes, but still much lower than when intrauterine routes are used. Sperm will have farther to go to get to the site of fertilization (ampulla of oviduct), and won’t have the advantage of being propelled towards the ampullae that sperm deposited intrauterine would have.
Intravestibular (i.e., just inside the vulva) will result in very low conception rates. Many sperm will be killed by urine, and the surviving sperm will have much farther to go to get to the site of fertilization (ampulla of oviduct), and won’t have the advantage of being propelled towards the ampullae that sperm deposited intrauterine would have.
AI by the intra-abdominal route, i.e. via the oviducts, is highly impractical at this time, as the oviducts are not easily catheterized.
A 1-year-old female Doberman pinscher presents to you with vulvar swelling and bloody vaginal discharge as shown in the photograph. She has not been receptive to males. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?
Vulvar swelling and edema occur with rising estrogen levels in proestrus. Bloody vaginal discharge occurs during proestrus due to diapedesis of blood from the engorged endometrium as blood travels through the cervix into the vagina. The bitch is not in estrus based on the lack of receptivity to males.
What is the duration of estrus in sheep?
The correct answer is 1.5-2 days. Ovulation occurs about 24 hours after onset of estrus.
When do you reduce twins in a pregnant mare?
14-16 days.
What hormone is responsible for feline mammary hyperplasia (hypertrophy)?
Feline mammary hyperplasia, or fibroadenomatous hyperplasia, is a benign, often
drastic enlargement of the mammary glands typically seen in younger cats. This
syndrome classically has a rapid onset and is seen in pregnant and
non-pregnant, unspayed females. It is uncommonly seen in males and spayed
females.
At what point is the placenta of a cow considered retained?
The correct answer is after 12 hours. Usually, the fetal membranes are passed in 2 to 8 hours; after 12 hours, it is considered retained. They appear to occur more commonly in dairy than beef cattle. The rates are reported to be in the range of 8 to 12 % of all single births in dairy cows.
In what time frame does postparturient hemoglobinuria occur in cattle?
It actually only occurs during the first lactational month. It is caused as a result of hypophosphatemia.
