Repro Flashcards
S+S for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?
What are the 3 main symptoms?
3 primary:
1.) Irregular periods
2.) High androgen levels
3.) Cysts on ovaries
Other:
Dysfunctional uterine
bleeding or amenorrhea
HTN and dyslipidemia
Male pattern hair growth
Insulin resistance
What is PCO syndrome defined as? What must you have?
PCO syndrome is defined as having 2 of 3 symptoms.
1.) Anovulatory – menstrual cycle without ovulation,
2.) elevated levels of androgens,
3.) and polycystic ovaries
You don’t have to have polycystic ovaries to have PCO syndrome, just as having polycystic ovaries doesn’t mean you have PCO syndrome
What are polycystic ovaries?
they can contribute to polycystic ovary syndrome, but they themselves are usually harmless
What is the most common endocrine disorder?
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
What is PCOS caused by?
Caused by an endocrine imbalance – most common endocrine disorder
Causes of PCOS?
*what is a major factor and what is it related to?
Genetic and environmental causes – obesity is major factor – related to insulin resistance
Numerous follicles develop on ovaries – excessive production of estrogen – ovaries enlarge and fail to release eggs
What is Dysmenorrhea?
painful menstruation – 50% of all women experience dysmenorrhea – 10% are incapacitated for 1-3 days
What is primary Dysmenorrhea?
when do incidences rise?
– occurs at the onset of their cycle – incidence rises until late teens early 20s and then decreases
Causes of primary Dysmenorrhea? What does it do/cause?
excessive prostaglandin – increase myometrial contraction, constricts endometrial blood vessels, and enhances nerve hypersensitivity
What is secondary Dysmenorrhea?
When does it appear?
related to pathological conditions – appears later in life, occurs anytime during their cycle
Causes of secondary Dysmenorrhea?
– endometriosis, endometritis, PID, adhesions, obstructive uterine or vaginal anomalies, inflammation, uterine fibroids, polyps, tumours, cysts or IUDs
Signs + Symptoms of Dysmenorrhea? What is its duration?
Pain with the onset of menses accompanied by backache, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, syncope, and headache
Rarely lasts longer than 3 days
What are endometrial polyps? What do they contain?
– benign mass of tissue containing glands, connective tissue, & blood vessels
Where are endometrial polyps located? what age do they typically develop at?
develop anywhere within the uterus, usually in women 40-50 yrs
S+S of endometrial Polyps?
. Can be asymptomatic but can also cause excessive menstrual bleeding or bleeding throughout their cycle – easily removed during hysteroscopy
What is Endometriosis? What can it mimic?
endometrial tissue outside of the uterus – can mimic other pelvic diseases
S+S of endometriosis?
can include infertility, pelvic pain, pain on defecation, pain during intercourse
What are benign ovarian cysts? What are they related to? when do they most commonly occur?
benign cysts that occur on the ovaries
– occurs most common in the reproductive years around puberty and menopause – related to hormone imbalances – common
What is a follicle cysts? What are its characteristics?
-Most common type of benign ovarian cysts
follicle cysts which are functional cysts – unilateral – asymptomatic – 5-6 cm up to 8-10 cm – follicle fails to rupture and release the ovum, or nondominant follicle fails to recess
S+S of Benign ovarian cysts? When will the problem resolve?
may feel bloating, tender breasts and heavy or irregular menses – after several abnormal cycles the problem will resolve
What is a dermoid cyst? What can they become? What are it’s characteristics?
A dermoid cyst is an ovarian teratoma – common ovarian neoplasm – may contain mature tissue – hair, skin, glands, cartilage, and bone – they are usually asymptomatic but they have potential to become malignant and need to be removed
S+S of Uterine Fibroids?
abnormal vaginal bleeding, pain, and pressure on nearby structures, stretching of the uterine wall increases the endometrial surface area – increased bleeding during menstruation. Can also cause infertility – diagnosed through bimanual physical examination.
What are Uterine Fibroids? (Leiomyomas)
Most of them are?
slow growing benign tumours that develop in the myometrium, - affect 70-80% of women – most asymptomatic – increasing incidence 30-50 yrs and then decreases after menopause –
What is Gynecomastia? What is it a result of?
over development of breast tissue in a male – result of hormonal alterations
