REPRO Flashcards
which muscle forms most of the pelvic diaphragm and which nerve innervates it?
Levator ani
innervated by pudendal nerve and nerve to levator ani
describe how faecal continence is maintained
tonic contraction of puborectalis bends the anorectic anteriorly
active contraction maintains continence after rectal filling
which 2 muscle groups make up the pelvic diaphragm?
Levator ani
Coccygeus
where do nerves that innervate organs that are above levator ani enter the spinal cord?
between levels T11/L2
(uterine tubes, ovaries, uterus)
where do nerves that innervate organs that are below levator ani enter the spinal cord?
S2, 3 and 4
at which level does the spinal cord become the cauda equina?
L2
at which spinal level is an epidural inserted into?
L3-L4 region
which structures does an epidural needle pass through?
supraspinous ligament
interspinous ligament
ligamentum flavum
epidural space
which structures does the needle pass through in a spinal anaesthetic?
supraspinous ligament
interspinous ligament
ligamentum flavum
epidural space
dura mater
arachnoid mater
subarachnoid space - contains CSF
where does the pudendal nerve exit the pelvis?
via the greater sciatic foramen
where does the pudendal nerve re-enter the pelvis?
via the lesser sciatic foramen
what does the broad ligament contain within it?
the uterine tubes and the round ligament
what is the most common uterine position?
anteverted and anteflexed
where does normal fertilisation occur?
the ampulla
What guides the descent of the testes?
Gubernaculum
