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3RD YEAR ANATOMY SPOT > NEURO > Flashcards

NEURO Flashcards

1
Q

what can damage to the middle meningeal artery result in?

A

extradural haemorrhage

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2
Q

which nerve supplies sensory information to the dura mater of the skull?

A

CN V

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3
Q

what is the role of arachnoid granulations in the skull?

A

reabsorbs CSF

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4
Q

what is tentorium cerebelli?

A

a sheet of dura mater that covers the cerebellum

  • attaches to the ridges of the petrous temporal bones
  • has a central gap to permit the brainstem to pass through
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5
Q

what is the diaphragm sellae?

A

a tough sheet of dura mater that forms a roof over the pituitary fossa

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6
Q

what is the fax cerebri?

A

midline structure made of dura mater that separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres.

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7
Q

what does the right external carotid artery supply?

A

the neck, face and scalp

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8
Q

what does the right internal carotid artery supply?

A

the brain

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9
Q

in which area of the brain does the circle of willis lie?

A

in the subarachnoid space

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10
Q

where is CSF produced?

A

the choroid plexus of the ventricles

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11
Q

where is a lumbar puncture done?

A

L3/L4

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12
Q

where does the subarachnoid space end?

A

S2

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13
Q

how is hydrocephalus managed with a shunt?

A

ventricular peritoneal shunt

the shunt catheter is tunnelled beneath the skin of the neck and chest then sited within the peritoneal cavity

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14
Q

between which two layers of the cranial cavity is an extradural haemorrhage?

A

bone and dura

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15
Q

which artery is ruptured to cause an extradural haemorrhage?

A

middle meningeal artery

(trauma to the pterion)

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16
Q

between which two layers is a subdural haemorrhage?

A

dura and arachnoid

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17
Q

what is transtentorial (uncal) cherniation?

A

when the medial part of the temporal lobe herniates inferior to the tentorium cerebelli

compression of the oculomotor nerve leads to ipsilateral fixed pupil - blown pupil

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18
Q

what is infratentorial herniation?

A

tonsillar herniation
the cerebellar tonsils herniate into the foramen magnum

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19
Q

which type of herniation can cause a blown pupil?

A

transtentorial (uncle) herniation

20
Q

which cranial nerve is the only one to attach to the pons?

A

CN V

21
Q

where does CN V2 exit the skull?

A

foramen rotundum

22
Q

where does CN V3 exit the skull?

A

foramen ovale

23
Q

what does CN V1 supply?

A

upper eyelid

cornea

all the conjunctiva

skin of the root/bridge/tip of nose

24
Q

what does CN V2 supply?

A

skin of the lower eyelid

skin over the maxilla

skin of the ala of the nose

skin/mucosa of the upper lip

25
Q

what does CN V3 supply?

A

skin over the mandible and temporomandibular joint

26
Q

where does the facial nerve (CN VII) exit the skull?

A

internal acoustic meatus

27
Q

what does CN VII supply?

A

taste buds of the anterior 2/3rds of tongue (chorda tympani)

submandibular and sublingual salivary glands (chorda tympani)

right stapedius

28
Q

where does CN IX exit the skull?

A

jugular foramen

29
Q

what does CN IX supply?

A

posterior 1/3rd of tongue

carotid sinus baroreceptors and carotid body chemoreceptors

Eustachian tube

middle ear cavity

palatine tonsil

afferent limb of the gag reflex

30
Q

where does CN X exit the skull?

A

jugular foramen

31
Q

what does unilateral pathology of CN X do?

A

unilateral pathology pulls uvula away from the non-functioning side

32
Q

where is the dermatome for the perineum?

A

S4

33
Q

where is the dermatome for the umbilicus?

A

T10

34
Q

where is the dermatome for the nipple?

A

T4

35
Q

where is the dermatome for the middle finger?

A

C7

36
Q

where is the dermatome for the badge patch area?

A

C5

37
Q

what are the nerve roots of the radial nerve?

A

C6, C7, C8

38
Q

what are the nerve roots of the ulnar nerve?

A

C8, T1

39
Q

what are the nerve roots of the median nerve?

A

C6, C7, C8, T1

40
Q

what are the myotomes of the cervical plexus?

A

C1-C4

41
Q

what are the myotomes of the brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1

42
Q

what are the myotomes of the lumbosacral plexus?

A

L1-S4

43
Q

which spinal level is the knee reflex testing?

A

L4

44
Q

which spinal level is the ankle reflex testing?

A

S1

45
Q

define paralysis?

A

a muscle without a functioning motor nerve supply

cannot contract

would have reduced tone on examination

46
Q

define spasticity?

A

muscle has an intact and functioning motor nerve

the descending controls from the brain are not working

on examination the muscle has increased tone

3RD YEAR ANATOMY SPOT (2 decks)

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