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4.11 - Basic concepts of organic chemistry > Representing the formulae of organic compounds > Flashcards

Representing the formulae of organic compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

What is molecular formula?

A

Shows the number and types of atoms of each element present in a molecule

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2
Q

What are 2 negatives of molecular formula?

A

1) Doesn’t show how the atoms are joined together
2) Different molecules can have the same molecular formula

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3
Q

What is the molecular formula of ethanol?

A

C2H6O

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4
Q

What is empirical formula?

A

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

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5
Q

What empirical formula do all alkenes have and what does this mean?

A

CH2 - there will always be twice as many hydrogens as carbons

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6
Q

Glucose has the molecular formula C6H12O6, what is its empirical formula?

A

CH2O

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7
Q

What is general formula?

A

The simplest algebraic formula for any member of a homologous series

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8
Q

What can the general formula be used for?

A

Generating the molecular formula of any member of that homologous series by substituting n with the number of carbon atoms

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9
Q

General formula of alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

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10
Q

General formula of alkenes

A

CnH2n

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11
Q

General formula of alcohols

A

CnH2n+1OH

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12
Q

General formula of carboxylic acids

A

CnH2nO2

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13
Q

General formula of ketones

A

CnH2nO

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14
Q

What is displayed formula?

A

Shows how all the atoms are arranged and all the bonds between them

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15
Q

What is structural formula?

A

Uses the smallest amount of detail necessary to show the arrangement of the atoms in a molecule

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16
Q

What does a structural formula clearly show?

A

Which groups are bonded together

17
Q

What is the structural formula of butane?

A

CH3CH2CH2CH3

18
Q

What is skeletal formula?

A

Simplified organic formula showing just the carbon skeleton and any functional groups

19
Q

What is removed for a skeletal formula?

A

All carbon and hydrogen labels from carbon chains and any bonds to hydrogen atoms

20
Q

What does a line represent in skeletal formula?

A

A single bond

21
Q

What does an intersection of two lines represent in skeletal formula?

A

A carbon atom

22
Q

What does the end of a line represent in skeletal formula?

A

A CH3 group

23
Q

What are the two skeletal formulae of benzene?

A

1) Hexagon with 3 double bonds
2) Hexagon with a circle inside

24
Q

What is the skeletal formulae of cyclic and aromatic compounds?

A

Hexagon or octagon depending on number of carbon atoms

25
Q

How is a double bond shown in a skeletal formula?

A

Two parallel lines

26
Q

What happens to functional groups in skeletal formulae?

A

They must be shown on the carbon atom they are attached to

4.11 - Basic concepts of organic chemistry (5 decks)

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