Nomenclature of organic compounds

Question 1

What is IUPAC?

Answer 1

An organisation founded in 1919 by chemists from industry and education who recognised the need of standardisation for the names of compounds

Question 2

What can hydrocarbons be classified as?

Answer 2

Aliphatic, alicyclic, and aromatic

Question 3

What are aliphatic hydrocarbons?

Answer 3

Linear chains - carbon atoms are joined to each other in unbranched (straight) or branched chains, or non-aromatic rings

Question 4

What are alicyclic hydrocarbons?

Answer 4

carbon atoms are joined to each other in ring (cyclic) structures, with or without branches

Question 5

What are aromatic hydrocarbons?

Answer 5

Some or all of the carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring

Question 6

What are the 3 homologous series of aliphatic hydrocarbons?

Answer 6

Alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes

Question 7

What are alkanes?

Answer 7

Hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds (saturated)

Question 8

What are alkenes?

Answer 8

Hydrocarbons with a double carbon-carbon bond (unsaturated)

Question 9

What are alkynes?

Answer 9

Hydrocarbons that contain a carbon-to-carbon triple bond (unsaturated)

Question 10

What does the stem of a name indicate?

Answer 10

The number of carbon atoms in the longest continuous chain in the molecule

Question 11

What does a prefix of a name indicate?

Answer 11

The presence of side chains or functional groups

Question 12

What does a suffix of a name indicate?

Answer 12

Functional groups

Question 13

What suffix do alkanes have?

Answer 13

-ane

Question 14

List the first 10 alkanes

Answer 14

Methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane

Question 15

Methane

Answer 15

CH4

Question 16

Ethane

Answer 16

C2H6

Question 17

Propane

Answer 17

C3H8

Question 18

Butane

Answer 18

C4H10

Question 19

Pentane

Answer 19

C5H12

Question 20

Hexane

Answer 20

C6H14

Question 21

Heptane

Answer 21

C7H16

Question 22

Octane

Answer 22

C8H18

Question 23

Nonane

Answer 23

C9H20

Question 24

Decane

Answer 24

C19H22

Question 25

List the first 10 alkyl groups

Answer 25

Methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl

Question 26

Methyl

Answer 26

CH3

Question 27

Ethyl

Answer 27

C2H5

Question 28

Propyl

Answer 28

C3H7

Question 29

Butyl

Answer 29

C4H9

Question 30

Pentyl

Answer 30

C5H11

Question 31

Hexyl

Answer 31

C6H13

Question 32

Heptyl

Answer 32

C7H15

Question 33

Octyl

Answer 33

C8H17

Question 34

Nonyl

Answer 34

C9H19

Question 35

Decyl

Answer 35

C10H21

Question 36

What is an alkyl group?

Answer 36

An alkane molecule with one hydrogen atom missing; it doesn't exist on its own, but as part of another molecule

Question 37

What are the 3 steps for naming alkanes?

Answer 37

1) Identify the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms (parent chain) and name it 2) Identify any side chains added to the parent chain (alkyl groups) - the name of the alkyl group is added as a prefix to the name of the parent chain 3) Add numbers before any alkyl groups to show their position on the parent chain

Question 38

Which chain is the longest when both are same length?

Answer 38

The chain with the most branches

Question 39

How are side chains ordered when naming molecules?

Answer 39

In alphabetical order

Question 40

What prefix is used when naming alicyclic compounds?

Answer 40

Cyclo-

Question 41

Why is the prefix cyclo- used?

Answer 41

It shows that the carbon atoms are arranged in a ring structure

Question 42

What are the 2 steps in naming alicyclic compounds?

Answer 42

1) Identify the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms and name it 2) Add the prefix cyclo-

Question 43

How are alkenes different to alkanes?

Answer 43

They have a C=C bond (double bond)

Question 44

What is the suffix for alkenes?

Answer 44

-ene

Question 45

When does the position of the C=C bond have to be stated in the name?

Answer 45

When the alkene has more than 4 carbon atoms in the longest continuous chain

Question 46

What are the 3 steps for naming alkenes?

Answer 46

1) Identify the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms and name it 2) Identify where the double bond is - use the smaller number 3) Combine the suffix (ene), stem, and position of double bond

Question 47

Functional group of alkene

Answer 47

C=C

Question 48

Functional group of alcohol

Answer 48

-OH (hydroxyl group)

Question 49

Functional group of haloalkene

Answer 49

-Cl, -Br, -I (halogens)

Question 50

Functional group of aldehyde

Answer 50

-CHO

Question 51

Functional group of ketone

Answer 51

-C(CO)C-

Question 52

Functional group of carboxylic acid

Answer 52

-COOH

Question 53

What prefix and suffix is used when naming alcohol?

Answer 53

Prefix: hydroxy- Suffix: -ol

Question 54

What prefixes are used when naming haloalkanes?

Answer 54

Chloro-, bromo-, iodo-

Question 55

What suffix is used for naming aldehydes?

Answer 55

-al

Question 56

What suffix is used for naming ketones?

Answer 56

-one

Question 57

What suffix is used for naming carboxylic acid?

Answer 57

-oic acid

Question 58

What are the 4 steps to naming an alcohol?

Answer 58

1) Identify the functional group (OH) and suffix (-ol) 2) Identify the longest chain of carbons and name it 3) Identify which carbon the functional group (OH) is on 4) Combine the stem, suffix, and carbon number

Question 59

What are the 3 steps when naming aldehydes?

Answer 59

1) Identify the functional group (CHO) and suffix (al) 2) Identify the longest carbon chain and name it 3) Combine the suffix and stem

Question 60

Why don't aldehydes need numbers to show position of carbonyl group?

Answer 60

The carbonyl group is always on position 1

Question 61

What are the 3 steps when naming compound with multiple functional groups?

Answer 61

1) Identify the longest carbon chain and name it 2) Identify the functional groups present, which carbon atom they are on, and the prefixes 3) Combine the stem, prefixes, and numbers - side chains are named in alphabetical order