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4.11 - Basic concepts of organic chemistry > Nomenclature of organic compounds > Flashcards

Nomenclature of organic compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

What is IUPAC?

A

An organisation founded in 1919 by chemists from industry and education who recognised the need of standardisation for the names of compounds

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2
Q

What can hydrocarbons be classified as?

A

Aliphatic, alicyclic, and aromatic

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3
Q

What are aliphatic hydrocarbons?

A

Linear chains - carbon atoms are joined to each other in unbranched (straight) or branched chains, or non-aromatic rings

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4
Q

What are alicyclic hydrocarbons?

A

carbon atoms are joined to each other in ring (cyclic) structures, with or without branches

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5
Q

What are aromatic hydrocarbons?

A

Some or all of the carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring

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6
Q

What are the 3 homologous series of aliphatic hydrocarbons?

A

Alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes

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7
Q

What are alkanes?

A

Hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds (saturated)

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8
Q

What are alkenes?

A

Hydrocarbons with a double carbon-carbon bond (unsaturated)

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9
Q

What are alkynes?

A

Hydrocarbons that contain a carbon-to-carbon triple bond (unsaturated)

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10
Q

What does the stem of a name indicate?

A

The number of carbon atoms in the longest continuous chain in the molecule

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11
Q

What does a prefix of a name indicate?

A

The presence of side chains or functional groups

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12
Q

What does a suffix of a name indicate?

A

Functional groups

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13
Q

What suffix do alkanes have?

A

-ane

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14
Q

List the first 10 alkanes

A

Methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane

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15
Q

Methane

A

CH4

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16
Q

Ethane

A

C2H6

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17
Q

Propane

A

C3H8

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18
Q

Butane

A

C4H10

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19
Q

Pentane

A

C5H12

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20
Q

Hexane

A

C6H14

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21
Q

Heptane

A

C7H16

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22
Q

Octane

A

C8H18

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23
Q

Nonane

A

C9H20

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24
Q

Decane

A

C19H22

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25
Q

List the first 10 alkyl groups

A

Methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl

26
Q

Methyl

A

CH3

27
Q

Ethyl

A

C2H5

28
Q

Propyl

A

C3H7

29
Q

Butyl

A

C4H9

30
Q

Pentyl

A

C5H11

31
Q

Hexyl

A

C6H13

32
Q

Heptyl

A

C7H15

33
Q

Octyl

A

C8H17

34
Q

Nonyl

A

C9H19

35
Q

Decyl

A

C10H21

36
Q

What is an alkyl group?

A

An alkane molecule with one hydrogen atom missing; it doesn’t exist on its own, but as part of another molecule

37
Q

What are the 3 steps for naming alkanes?

A

1) Identify the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms (parent chain) and name it

2) Identify any side chains added to the parent chain (alkyl groups) - the name of the alkyl group is added as a prefix to the name of the parent chain

3) Add numbers before any alkyl groups to show their position on the parent chain

38
Q

Which chain is the longest when both are same length?

A

The chain with the most branches

39
Q

How are side chains ordered when naming molecules?

A

In alphabetical order

40
Q

What prefix is used when naming alicyclic compounds?

A

Cyclo-

41
Q

Why is the prefix cyclo- used?

A

It shows that the carbon atoms are arranged in a ring structure

42
Q

What are the 2 steps in naming alicyclic compounds?

A

1) Identify the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms and name it

2) Add the prefix cyclo-

43
Q

How are alkenes different to alkanes?

A

They have a C=C bond (double bond)

44
Q

What is the suffix for alkenes?

A

-ene

45
Q

When does the position of the C=C bond have to be stated in the name?

A

When the alkene has more than 4 carbon atoms in the longest continuous chain

46
Q

What are the 3 steps for naming alkenes?

A

1) Identify the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms and name it

2) Identify where the double bond is - use the smaller number

3) Combine the suffix (ene), stem, and position of double bond

47
Q

Functional group of alkene

A

C=C

48
Q

Functional group of alcohol

A

-OH (hydroxyl group)

49
Q

Functional group of haloalkene

A

-Cl, -Br, -I (halogens)

50
Q

Functional group of aldehyde

A

-CHO

51
Q

Functional group of ketone

A

-C(CO)C-

52
Q

Functional group of carboxylic acid

A

-COOH

53
Q

What prefix and suffix is used when naming alcohol?

A

Prefix: hydroxy-
Suffix: -ol

54
Q

What prefixes are used when naming haloalkanes?

A

Chloro-, bromo-, iodo-

55
Q

What suffix is used for naming aldehydes?

A

-al

56
Q

What suffix is used for naming ketones?

A

-one

57
Q

What suffix is used for naming carboxylic acid?

A

-oic acid

58
Q

What are the 4 steps to naming an alcohol?

A

1) Identify the functional group (OH) and suffix (-ol)

2) Identify the longest chain of carbons and name it

3) Identify which carbon the functional group (OH) is on

4) Combine the stem, suffix, and carbon number

59
Q

What are the 3 steps when naming aldehydes?

A

1) Identify the functional group (CHO) and suffix (al)

2) Identify the longest carbon chain and name it

3) Combine the suffix and stem

60
Q

Why don’t aldehydes need numbers to show position of carbonyl group?

A

The carbonyl group is always on position 1

61
Q

What are the 3 steps when naming compound with multiple functional groups?

A

1) Identify the longest carbon chain and name it

2) Identify the functional groups present, which carbon atom they are on, and the prefixes

3) Combine the stem, prefixes, and numbers - side chains are named in alphabetical order

4.11 - Basic concepts of organic chemistry (5 decks)

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