Replication, Protein Synthesis, Transcription and Translation

Question 1

What is the process of copying DNA called?

Answer 1

Replication

Question 2

Which enzyme is responsible for DNA replication?

Answer 2

DNA polymerase

Question 3

True or False: Transcription occurs in the nucleus.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Fill in the blank: During transcription, RNA is synthesized from a _____ template.

Answer 4

DNA

Question 5

What is the primary enzyme involved in transcription?

Answer 5

RNA polymerase

Question 6

What is the process by which mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template called?

Answer 6

Transcription

Question 7

True or False: Translation occurs in the ribosomes.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What is the role of tRNA in translation?

Answer 8

To transfer amino acids to the ribosome

Question 9

What are the three main steps of translation?

Answer 9

Initiation, elongation, termination

Question 10

Which enzyme is involved in the formation of peptide bonds during translation?

Answer 10

Peptidyl transferase

Question 11

Fill in the blank: The process of changing DNA into RNA is called _____ and occurs during gene expression.

Answer 11

Transcription

Question 12

What is the end product of transcription?

Answer 12

mRNA

Question 13

What is the function of DNA ligase during replication?

Answer 13

To join Okazaki fragments together

Question 14

True or False: RNA is single-stranded.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What is the term for a change in the DNA sequence?

Answer 15

Mutation

Question 16

What type of RNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome?

Answer 16

mRNA

Question 17

What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

Answer 17

To synthesize RNA from a DNA template

Question 18

Fill in the blank: The process of translating mRNA into a protein is called _____

Answer 18

Translation

Question 19

What is the function of the promoter in gene transcription?

Answer 19

To initiate the transcription process

Question 20

Which type of RNA is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome?

Answer 20

tRNA

Question 21

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 21

Amino acids

Question 22

True or False: DNA replication is semi-conservative.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Name one factor that can cause mutations.

Answer 23

Radiation, chemicals, or errors in DNA replication

Question 24

What is the significance of the start codon in translation?

Answer 24

It signals the beginning of protein synthesis

Question 25

Fill in the blank: The _____ strand is the DNA strand that is transcribed.

Answer 25

template

Question 26

What is the role of ribosomes in translation?

Answer 26

To facilitate the assembly of amino acids into proteins

Question 27

What are Okazaki fragments?

Answer 27

Short segments of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand during replication

Question 28

True or False: The genetic code is universal across all living organisms.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

What is the function of the spliceosome in mRNA processing?

Answer 29

To remove introns and join exons

Question 30

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the sequence of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid.

Answer 30

codon

Question 31

What is required for the initiation of DNA replication?

Answer 31

A primer

Question 32

What enzyme unwinds the DNA double helix during replication?

Answer 32

Helicase

Question 33

What is the function of exonuclease during DNA replication?

Answer 33

To remove RNA primers and correct errors

Question 34

True or False: Transcription factors are proteins that help regulate the transcription of genes.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

What is the purpose of the 5' cap and poly-A tail on mRNA?

Answer 35

To protect mRNA from degradation and assist in translation

Question 36

What type of mutation involves a change in a single nucleotide?

Answer 36

Point mutation

Question 37

What is the role of the anticodon in tRNA?

Answer 37

To match the codon on mRNA during translation

Question 38

Fill in the blank: The _____ strand is synthesized continuously during DNA replication.

Answer 38

leading

Question 39

What is the main difference between DNA and RNA?

Answer 39

DNA is double-stranded; RNA is single-stranded

Question 40

True or False: All mutations are harmful to an organism.

Answer 40

False

Question 41

What is a frameshift mutation?

Answer 41

A mutation that alters the reading frame of the genetic code

Question 42

What is transcription termination?

Answer 42

The process of ending transcription when RNA polymerase reaches a termination signal

Question 43

Fill in the blank: The _____ hypothesis states that the genetic code is read in groups of three nucleotides.

Answer 43

triplet