Replication of DNA

Question 1

which process ensures each daughter cells gets identical copies of the genetic material?

Answer 1

DNA replication

Question 2

What is needed for DNA replication

Answer 2

Primers 
Free Nucleotides
DNA template 
DNA Polymerase 
DNA Ligase (lagging strand)

Question 3

Which direction does DNA Polymerase work in?

Answer 3

3’ -> 5’ direction

Question 4

Role of DNA Polymerase

Answer 4

to add DNA nucleotides to the primer

Question 5

what is a primer

Answer 5

bonds to 3’ end of DNA strand allowing polymerase to add DNA nucleotides

Question 6

stages of DNA replication

Answer 6

• hydrogen bonds broken
• primer binds to 3’ end to allow free nucleotides to be added
• more DNA exposed, process repeats until strand has been replicated

Question 7

which strand or DNA is replicated continuously

Answer 7

Leading strand

Question 8

Which strand of DNA is replicated in fragments

Answer 8

lagging strand

Question 9

Why is DNA ligase needed

Answer 9

to joint fragments of replicated dna from lagging strand together

Question 10

which process allows us to amplify DNA

Answer 10

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Question 11

what is needed for PCR

Answer 11

DNA Polymerase (Heat Tolerant)
Template Strand
Primers
Free Nucleotides

Question 12

what is pcr used to do

Answer 12

solve crimes
settle paternity suits
diagnose genetic disorders

Question 13

what is heat tolerant DNA polymerase and why is it used

Answer 13

an enzyme which is stable at high temperatures

to add free nucleotides

Question 14

stages of pcr

Answer 14

1. heat DNA up to 92-98° to break hydrogen bonds between bases
2. cooled to 50-65° to allow primers to bind to DNA
3. heated to between 70-80° so heat tolerant DNA Polymerase can replicate DNA