genomic sequencing Flashcards
what is genomic sequencing?
the sequences of nucleotide bases can be determined for the entire genome
how can you tell how closely related species are from the genomes?
the more similarities there are in their DNA sequences the more closely related they are
how do computer programs identify base sequences?
by looking for sequences similar to other known genes
how do you compare genomes from different species?
bioinformatics and sequence data
what is bioinformatics?
the use of computers and statistics to analyse DNA sequences
what type of organisms have had their genomes sequence?
disease- causing organisms eg. mosquito
model organisms for research- fruit fly
pest species- things that damage crops
what is phylogenetics?
the study of evolutionary history abs relationships
how do you study the evolutionary relatedness among groups of organisms?
using sequencing data
what is sequence divergence used for?
to estimate time since ancestors diverged
what are the 3 domains of life?
bacteria, eukaryotes, archaea (prokaryotes which live in extreme conditions)
what evidence do we use to determine the sequence of events in evolution?
sequence data abs fossil evidence
what is a molecular clock?
a way of showing when species diverged during evolution by looking at the number of mutations that have taken place
what do molecular clocks assume?
constant mutation rate
what can be analysed to predict the likelihood of developing certain diseases?
an individuals genome
what is pharmacogenetics?
the use of genome information in the choice of drugs
