Repetition B1

Question 1

Descriptive statistics

Answer 1

Statistics that summarize quantitative results of a survey

Question 2

Inferential statistics

Answer 2

Statistics from which you draw conclusions about the population based on results from samples

Question 3

What are the 5 data types?

Answer 3

1. Label
2. Nominal
3. Ordinal
4. Interval
5. Ratio

Question 4

Nominal data are ___

Answer 4

Nominal data are not indicated in numbers (no ranking)

Question 5

Ordinal data are ___

Answer 5

Ordinal data are not indicated in numbers, but there is a ranking

Question 6

Interval data are ___

Answer 6

Interval data are given in numbers, but there is no absolute zero point (you cannot say “twice as big”)

Question 7

Ratio data are ___

Answer 7

Ratio data are given in numbers, but there is an absolute zero point

Question 8

An independent variable is also called an ______

Answer 8

An independent variable is also called an explanatory variable

Question 9

A dependent variable is also called a _____

Answer 9

A dependent variable is also called a response variable

Question 10

When a frequency distribution has a peak on the right, it is ___

Answer 10

When a frequency distribution has a peak on the right, it is “left-skewed”

Question 11

When a frequency distribution has a peak on the left, it is ___

Answer 11

When a frequency distribution has a peak on the left, it is “right-skewed”

Question 12

Left-skewed: The mean is to the ___ of the ___

Answer 12

Left-skewed: The mean is to the left of the median

Question 13

Right-skewed: The mean is to the ___ of the ___

Answer 13

Right-skewed: The mean is to the right of the median

Question 14

Normal Distribution: The mean is ____ the median

Answer 14

Normal distribution: The mean is the same as the median

Question 15

Mode is ___

Answer 15

Mode is the value that occurs most frequently

Question 16

Median is ___

Answer 16

Median is the middle score (50% of values are above it, and 50% below it)

Question 17

Mean is ___

Answer 17

Mean is the average

Question 18

The Standard Deviation ___

Answer 18

The Standard Deviation indicates how far the values are from the mean

Question 19

How do you calculate the variance?

Answer 19

S = (Sum of all the squares) : (n-1)

Question 20

How do you calculate the standard deviation

Answer 20

SD = √S

Question 21

What is the formula for the z-score?

Answer 21

Z = ( value - mean) : SD

Question 22

The null hypothesis (H0) states ____

Answer 22

H0 states that there is no difference between two groups

Question 23

The alternative hypothesis (Ha) states ____

Answer 23

Ha states that there is a difference between two groups (one-way or two-way)

Question 24

When is H0 typically rejected?

Answer 24

H0 is typically rejected when the probability (p) is smaller than the predetermined significance level - (the probability that H0 is true is “p”)

Question 25

Type 1 error is ___

Answer 25

Type 1 error is when H0 is unfairly rejected (there is no difference between the two groups)

Question 26

Type 2 error is ___

Answer 26

Type 2 error is when H0 is wrongly assumed (there is a difference between the two groups)

Question 27

What are the three criteria that an experiment must meet to draw causal inference?

Answer 27

1. Covariance of X and Y (if X changes, Y changes)
2. Temporal order (X before Y)
3. Absence of other plausible explanations

Question 28

Between-subject design is ___

Answer 28

Between-subject design is when each participant enters only one condition

Question 29

Within-subject design is ___

Answer 29

Within-subject design is when each participant goes through each condition

Question 30

What are the 3 main methods of sampling?

Answer 30

1. Simple random sample (SRS)
2. Stratified random sampling
3. Multistage random sampling

Question 31

In simple random sampling ___

Answer 31

In simple random sampling, we randomly select a group of people from all the people in the population

Question 32

In stratified random sampling ___

Answer 32

In stratified random sampling, we first categorize the population into groups (e.g., age), then we pick people from each group

Question 33

In multistage random sampling ___

Answer 33

In multistage random sampling we divide a population into smaller groups multiple times