Repetition B1 Flashcards
Descriptive statistics
Statistics that summarize quantitative results of a survey
Inferential statistics
Statistics from which you draw conclusions about the population based on results from samples
What are the 5 data types?
- Label
- Nominal
- Ordinal
- Interval
- Ratio
Nominal data are ___
Nominal data are not indicated in numbers (no ranking)
Ordinal data are ___
Ordinal data are not indicated in numbers, but there is a ranking
Interval data are ___
Interval data are given in numbers, but there is no absolute zero point (you cannot say “twice as big”)
Ratio data are ___
Ratio data are given in numbers, but there is an absolute zero point
An independent variable is also called an ______
An independent variable is also called an explanatory variable
A dependent variable is also called a _____
A dependent variable is also called a response variable
When a frequency distribution has a peak on the right, it is ___
When a frequency distribution has a peak on the right, it is “left-skewed”
When a frequency distribution has a peak on the left, it is ___
When a frequency distribution has a peak on the left, it is “right-skewed”
Left-skewed: The mean is to the ___ of the ___
Left-skewed: The mean is to the left of the median
Right-skewed: The mean is to the ___ of the ___
Right-skewed: The mean is to the right of the median
Normal Distribution: The mean is ____ the median
Normal distribution: The mean is the same as the median
Mode is ___
Mode is the value that occurs most frequently
Median is ___
Median is the middle score (50% of values are above it, and 50% below it)
Mean is ___
Mean is the average
The Standard Deviation ___
The Standard Deviation indicates how far the values are from the mean
How do you calculate the variance?
S = (Sum of all the squares) : (n-1)
How do you calculate the standard deviation
SD = √S
What is the formula for the z-score?
Z = ( value - mean) : SD
The null hypothesis (H0) states ____
H0 states that there is no difference between two groups
The alternative hypothesis (Ha) states ____
Ha states that there is a difference between two groups (one-way or two-way)
When is H0 typically rejected?
H0 is typically rejected when the probability (p) is smaller than the predetermined significance level - (the probability that H0 is true is “p”)
Type 1 error is ___
Type 1 error is when H0 is unfairly rejected (there is no difference between the two groups)
Type 2 error is ___
Type 2 error is when H0 is wrongly assumed (there is a difference between the two groups)
What are the three criteria that an experiment must meet to draw causal inference?
- Covariance of X and Y (if X changes, Y changes)
- Temporal order (X before Y)
- Absence of other plausible explanations
Between-subject design is ___
Between-subject design is when each participant enters only one condition
Within-subject design is ___
Within-subject design is when each participant goes through each condition
What are the 3 main methods of sampling?
- Simple random sample (SRS)
- Stratified random sampling
- Multistage random sampling
In simple random sampling ___
In simple random sampling, we randomly select a group of people from all the people in the population
In stratified random sampling ___
In stratified random sampling, we first categorize the population into groups (e.g., age), then we pick people from each group
In multistage random sampling ___
In multistage random sampling we divide a population into smaller groups multiple times
