repeated questions Flashcards
explain differences between primary and secondary effects of tectonic hazards (4)
-primary effects are the immediate impacts of a hazard such as buildings collapsing, injuries and deaths.
-secondary effects occur as a result of the primary effects such as homelessness, disease outbreaks and economic decline.
- for example in the 2010 Haiti earthquake the primary effects included 230,000 deaths and collapsed buildings while the secondary effects included a cholera outbreak and economic damage.
describe two ways in which tropical storms are monitored and predicted (4)
-satellites track cloud patterns and movements of storms to predict their path
-weather radar detects heavy rainfall and wind speeds, helping to estimate storm intensity
- for example in the USA the national hurricane center uses satellite imagery to issue warnings
give two pieces of evidence that climate change is happening (4)
-rising global temperatures, average global temperature has increased by about 1degree since 1880
-glacial retreat, many glaciers worldwide such as those in the himilayas are shrinking due to rising temperatures
explain two challenges caused by urban growth in LICs or NEEs (6)
-overcrowding in slums, rapid urban growth leads to informal settlements where people lack sanitation and clean water
-traffic congestion and pollution, poor infrastructure and road quality leads to traffic jams, increasing air pollution and respiratory diseases
explain two ways in which water security can be improved (6)
water conservation, using more efficient irrigation systems and fixing leaks reduces water wastage
-desalination plants, removing salt from seawater provides fresh drinking water in arid areas
explain how investment can help reduce the development gap
-foreign direct investments from companies builds infrastructure and creates jobs
- for example china has invested in Africas railway systems and industries, boosting local economies
