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Virology Final Exam Summer 2015 > Reoviridae > Flashcards

Reoviridae Flashcards

1
Q

How many capsid layers do reoviruses technically have?

A

Three:
Outer layer: T=13
Inner layer: T=2
Middle layer between the two

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2
Q

Describe the genome of reoviruses?

A

dsRNA ranging from 10-12 segments

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3
Q

Where does reovirus replication occur?

A

The cytoplasm

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4
Q

T or F: Reoviruses are vulnerable to general reassortment?

A

TRUE. Because segmented genome! Progeny viruses have gene segments of both virus ‘A’ and virus ‘B’

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5
Q

Under which genus and subfamily is African horse sickness and Bluetongue virus classified?

A

Subfamily: sedoreovirinae
Genus: Orbivirus

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6
Q

Under which subfamily and genus is the avian reovirus classified?

A

Subfamily: spinareovirinae
Genus: orthoreovirus

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7
Q

Who are the most susceptible hosts to BTV?

A

Sheep, particularly fine wool and mutton breeds in Europe and SOME deer (white-tailed)

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8
Q

What hosts are known to have an inapparent BTV infection?

A

Cattle, goats, and some wild ruminants

Cattle are the primary reservoir!

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9
Q

T or F: BTV is infectious AND contagious

A

F. It is infectious and non-contagious

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10
Q

What ‘list’ under the OIE does Bluetongue fall under?

A

List A! Aka you need to report that ish

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11
Q

How many segments of dsRNA is contained in the BTV genome?

A

10

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12
Q

How are different BTV strains classified?

A

Antigenic differences of outer shell proteins

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13
Q

What arthropod transmits BTV?

A

Culicoides variipenis var sonorensis all over

Culicoides insignis in the Southeast

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14
Q

What are the different ways BTV can be transmitted?

A

Arthropod-borne, trans-placental, and venereal

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15
Q

Which serotypes are most likely found in the U.S?

A

10, 11, 13, 17 and then serotype 2 is mainly in the Southeast

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16
Q

Pathological signs of BTV?

A

Vascular endothelium damage, IV coagulation, tissue necrosis, edema, hemorrhage, congestion, abortion, CNS malformations

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17
Q

Symptoms of a severe febrile reaction?

A

Profuse salivation, muzzle edema, reddening of nasal mucosae, mucopurulent nasal discharge often blood stained, and crust formation on nostrils and lips

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18
Q

Clinical findings of BTV in sheep?

A

Cyanosis, necrotic ulceration of tongue, erosion of dental pad, necrosis, hyperemia, ulceration in oral cavity, coronitis, laminitis, facial swelling, aborted fetuses

19
Q

How do you diagnose BTV?

A

Tissue culture or in embryos
Detection of antigen via mmunohistochemical tests i.e. immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase tests
Detection of nucleic acids via PCR
Detection of antibody using ELISA or AGID
Necropsy, histology

20
Q

Prevention of BTV?

A

VECTOR CONTROL and attenuated vaccines (however, are serotype specific)

21
Q

T or F: African Horse Sickness (AHS) can sometimes infect dogs via ingestion of infected carcass material of horses

A

True!

22
Q

T or F: AHS has a fairly low mortality rate

A

FALSE. Mortality rate is 75-90% in horses

23
Q

Which ‘list’ is AHS on according to the OIE?

A

List A! Enzootic in sub-Saharan Africa but you need to report that shiz

24
Q

Which outer capsid protein dictates serotyping?

A

VP2, but VP5 protein variation also contributes

*There are at least 9 serotypes identified thus far

25
Q

Describe the genome of the AHS virus

A

10 segments of dsRNA

26
Q

How is AHS transmitted

A

Blood from infected horses OR ZEBRAS (reservoir) is ingested by Culicoides and then the midge bites/infects horses

27
Q

Clinical findings in horses with Dunkop (acute pulmonary) sickness?

A

Profuse nasal discharge, may become blood stained, interlobular edema, petechiae, pulmonary edema, fluid accumulation in trachea, frothy lung fluid

28
Q

Clinical findings in horses with Dikkop (subacute cardiac) sickness?

A

Edema of supraorbital fossa and neck and eyelids, conjunctiva congestion, hydropericardium, muscle edema, cecal petechiae , hydroperitoneium, colon edema

29
Q

Prevention and control of AHS?

A

Vaccination in enzootic areas, vector control, reduced vector exposure, slaughter of sick animals

30
Q

Describe the rotavirus genome

A

11 segments of ds RNA, classified based on the VP6 protein (at least 8 groups)

31
Q

Which group of rotavirus is the most common?

A

Group A Rotaviruses because of viral diarrhea in young animals

32
Q

Which 2 outer capsid proteins elicit protective antibodies and have formed the basis of current rotavirus vaccines?

A

VP7 and VP4

33
Q

RVA Strain Wa: G1P1A[8]

A

G1: G genotype/serotype (G genotypes and serotypes are the same)
1A: P serotype (at least 14 P serotypes)
[8]: P genotype (at least 37 P genotypes)
Remember this for some reason?

34
Q

Transmission routes of rotaviruses?

A

Fecal oral most likely because of large number of viruses, can survive in environment so can be transmitted through contaminated objects, water, food

35
Q

Where does the rotavirus replicate

A

Mature enterocytes on the villi of upper small intestine

36
Q

Other ‘directions’ rotavirus particles can take other than to the mature enterocytes?

A

NSP4 acts as enterotoxin, activates phospholipase C pathway, calcium efflux from ER, activation of calcium-chloride channels, stimulation of free nerve endings, malabsorption and fluid secretion leading to diarrhea

37
Q

Symptoms of rotavirus?

A

Severe diarrhea in young animals, anorexia, dehydration, sometimes fever
Watery feces pale yellow in color

38
Q

Diagnosis of rotavirus?

A

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE)*

ELISA, EM, PCR, FAT

39
Q

Describe the genome of Orthoreovirus and what condition does it cause?

A

10 segments of dsRNA

Viral arthritis, tenosynovitis in chickens!

40
Q

What are the hosts and transmission routes of orthoreovirus?

A

Meat-type chickens, turkeys with necrotic foci in liver, spleen, kidneys
Transmission: fecal oral, transovarial, inhalation

41
Q

Where do orthoreoviruses localize?

A

Hock joint–cause arthritis

After traveling through the blood throughout the body

42
Q

Clinical findings in animals with orthoreoviruses?

A

Lameness, swollen and inflamed hock joints, inflammation of synovial membranes, ruptured gastrocnemius tendons, stunting syndrome, atrophy of pancreas

43
Q

Diagnosis of avian reovirus?

A

Necropsy, virus isolation from affected joints in embryo kidney, liver, or lung cell cultures, serological testing, PCR

44
Q

How do you prevent avian reoviruses?

A

Live/killed vaccines available, vaccines aim at offering passive immunity to chicks from their maternal antibodies OR active immunity after early vaccination with a live vaccine

Virology Final Exam Summer 2015 (9 decks)

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