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Climate Change - Renewables > Renewable Energy - Wind Energy Economics > Flashcards

Renewable Energy - Wind Energy Economics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the potential of wind energy?

A

About 72TW, seven times the global electricity demand

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2
Q

What is the largest UK wind farm?

A

Hornsea 2

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3
Q

Hornsea 2

A

A UK wind farm off the coast of yorkshire, 165 turbines powering 1.4million UK homes.

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4
Q

Dogger Bank Wind Farm

A

This power 6 million homes opening in 2024

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5
Q

What is the largest wind farm in the world?

A

Jiuquan in China with 20GW capacity

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6
Q

What is the soon to be largest wind farm in the world?

A

China powering 13m homes, 43,3 GW capacity

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7
Q

What are the two types of wind turbine?

A

Horizontal and vertical

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8
Q

What are the main causes of wind turbine dysfunction?

A

Electrical components failing, waves and wind damage

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9
Q

Why are wind turbines reducing in cost so rapidly?

A

Changes in material, labour by employee, recycling of components and learning-by development

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10
Q

What are the major costs of wind farms?

A

Upfront capital costs of towers and installation

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11
Q

How much are wind farm costs in onshore compared to offshore for turbine construction?

A

70% of the costs of an onshore farm and 40% for offshore.

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12
Q

Why do offshore wind farms have lower turbine costs?

A

Because grid connection and capital costs are more.

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13
Q

What are the major materials used in wind turbines?

A

70% steel, 13% fibreglass and iron, copper and aluminium.

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14
Q

What are the two types of electricity grid distribution?

A

Transmission Network
Distribution Network

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15
Q

Transmission Network

A

This is transmission lines, being high voltage systems

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16
Q

Distribution Network

A

This is the final stage of electricity grid, distributing to homes, industries etc.

17
Q

Why is HVAC better than DC?

A

AC has higher coltage, thus lower currents, thus less energy lost as heat.

18
Q

How do grid costs compare between total costs of onshore vs offshore?

A

11-14% and 15-30%

19
Q

What is used for onshore vs offshore installation?

A

Onshore is poured concrete, whilst offshore steel monoplies.

20
Q

What is the most envrionmentally costly process of wind farm?

A

The construction process, especially steel.

21
Q

How much CO2 emissions of wind farm construction are transport?

A

5.6%

22
Q

How can CO2 emissions be offset?

A

Recycling of materials reduces 55.4% CO2 emissions.

23
Q

What is the service phase of wind turbines?

A

20-30 years

24
Q

How long does it take for wind farm to repay its CO2 emissions?

A

Six to eight months

25
Q

How mnay birds in the US are killed by wind turbines?

A

1.17m

26
Q

How can bird deaths be prevented?

A

Putting wind farms away from migratory paths.

Climate Change - Renewables (12 decks)

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