Renal Tumors Flashcards
Angiomyolipoma in the kidney is the most common benign tumor as is mostly sporadic, BUT can be see in patients with ___________
Tuberous sclerosis
Renal cell carcinoma is a malignant tumor of the renal ________________ cells
Tubular epithelial cells
RCC that is associated with hereditary syndromes tend to be unilateral/bilateral?
Bilateral with MULTIPLE tumors
Sporadic: unilateral and usually single tumor
What are the two major types of RCC?
- clear cell type
- papillary type
Papillary RCC tends to invoice chromosome _______
7; trisomy 7
Which gene is involved in clear cell RCC?
Loss of VHL, or inactivated/mutated VHL;
Deletion on chromosome 3
VHL
What are the paraneoplastic syndromes associated with RCC?
- polycythemia (EPO)
- HTN (renin)
- hypercalcemia (PTH)
- Cushing syndrome (ACTH)
- leukmoid reaction
- amyloidosis
Urothelial carcinomas of kidney arise from the ________
Renal pelvis
What are the three components of WIlm’s tumor?
- blastema
- stroma
- epithelial
Predisposing factor for cystitis?
- females (short urethra)
- DM
- instrumentation (caheters)
- bladder calculus
- bladder outlet obstruction
presenting symptoms of someone with cystitis?
- ↑ urinary frequency
- dysuria (pain on urination)
- suprapubic pain
- fever
- microhematuria
Congenital anomalies of the bladder?
Extrophy
Diverticula: ouch like eversion or evagination fo the bladder wall
Urachus (persistent connection between the bladder and the umbilcus
Malakoplakia is due to ____________
Defective phagocytic activity of macrophages → round Micahelis Gutmann bodies
Micahelis Guttmann bodies are seen in what renal disease?
Malakoplakia; these are black dots on H&E with calcium accumulation inside them
Malakoplakia is associated with ___________
Chronic interstitial cystitis
What are some associated mutations with transitional cell carcinoma (urothelila carcinoma)
- p53, Rb, p16 genes
What is the greatest risk factor for bladder cancer?
SMOKING
A person working in a rubber factor or with rubber products is at higher risk for developing __________ cancer due to the compound _________
Bladder; naphthylamine
What workplace exposure has an increased risk for bladder cancer?
Working with rubber products
Patients with Schistosomiasis have an ↑ risk of developing
Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder
What is the most common presentation of someone with urothelial carcinoma?
PAINLESS hematuria
_______ Type of urothelial carcinoma is more commonly invasive
Flat;
What are the common sites of metastatic of urothelial carcinomas?
Liver, lung, bone and regional nodes
Which infection can have ↑ risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder
Schistosoma
