Renal System I&II

Question 1

What the functions of the kidney?

Answer 1

Regulation, Excretion, Hormone production, Bp maintenance

Question 2

What is regulated in the kidney?

Answer 2

Body fluid volume, osmolarity, electrolyte balance, acid/base balance

Question 3

What is excreted from the kidney?

Answer 3

Elimination of waste products of metabolism eg water, urea, NH3, toxins, drugs

Question 4

Name examples of vital hormones produced by the kidney

Answer 4

Erythropoietin, renin

Question 5

Where is urine formed?

Answer 5

In the kidneys

Question 6

Describe the accessory systems

Answer 6

Ureters - Convey urine from kidneys to bladder
Bladder - Storage
Urethra - Conveys urine from bladder to the out

Question 7

What is the nephron?

Answer 7

Functional unit of the kidney

Question 8

Describe the nephron

Answer 8

Million per kidney, Each nephron has 2 components

Question 9

What are the 2 components of the nephron?

Answer 9

Tubular and vascular

Question 10

What is the juxtaglomerulus apparatus?

Answer 10

Where distal tubule is in contact with afferent and efferent arterioles

Question 11

What are the 2 components of the JA?

Answer 11

Macula densa, Granular cells

Question 12

What is the function of the JA?

Answer 12

Regulate blood volume and pressure

Question 13

What is the importance of the juxtamedullary nephron?

Answer 13

For maintaining osmotic gradient in renal medulla

Question 14

Define glomerular filtration

Answer 14

Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from glomerular caps into Bowman’s cap

Question 15

Describe glomerular filtrate

Answer 15

20% of blood in glomerulus is filtered, 80% of blood leaves via efferent arterioles

Question 16

What is fenestration?

Answer 16

Blocks passage of rbc allows other molecules

Question 17

What is the basement membrane?

Answer 17

Blocks passage of macromolecules

Question 18

What are podocytes?

Answer 18

Foot like projection

Question 19

Describe capillary endothelium

Answer 19

1 cell thick, very leaky, highly permeable to water/solutes

Question 20

Describe the basement membrane

Answer 20

Acts as electrostatic barrier (repels large neg charged molecules)

Question 21

Describe the epithelium of Bowman’s capsule (podocytes)

Answer 21

They have filter slits that allow specific size so molecules to cross membrane depends on size, charge and shape

Question 22

What is the glomerular filtration rate?

Answer 22

Amount of fluid that filters into Bowman’s capsule per unit time
Average GFR = 125mL/day

Question 23

How do you calculate net filtration pressure?

Answer 23

PH - Pi - Pfluid
PH = Hydrostatic pressure
Pi = Osmotic grad cos of proteins in plasma not B-capsule
Pfluid = Fluid pressure cause by fluid in B-capsule

Question 24

How do you calculate estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)?

Answer 24

Urine conc x urine flow / plasma conc