Renal Replacement Therapy

Question 1

what functions does the renal system have?

Answer 1

excretory function, water and electrolyte balance, acid base balance, renal endocrine function

Question 2

what are the renal endocrine functions?

Answer 2

erythropoietin, calcium metabolism and renin secretion

Question 3

what type of process is renal dialysis?

Answer 3

passive with diffusion across concentration gradients

Question 4

what does renal dialysis allow?

Answer 4

intermittent correction of changes in plasma concentration of small molecules

Question 5

what are the two types of dialysis?

Answer 5

haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis

Question 6

what happens in haemodialysis?

Answer 6

the blood moves from fistula into dialysing chamber with e a membrane separating it from dialysing solution containing a high concentration of electrolytes going into the blood and low concentration of components wanting out of blood so concentration gradients can make diffusion happen

Question 7

explain peritoneal dialysis

Answer 7

in peritoneal sack, membrane on peritoneal surface works the same as dialysing membrane, can be done day and night and is portable

Question 8

what is used to replace erythropoietin and what does it do?

Answer 8

EPO injections which maintain red cell mass

Question 9

what is used for bone mass maintenance?

Answer 9

vitamin D supplementation

Question 10

what are the advantages of renal transplantation?

Answer 10

normal renal function, no dietary restrictions, normal energy and fertility

Question 11

what are the disadvantages of renal transplant?

Answer 11

rejection, immunosuppression for rest of life so increased injection, high CVS mortality, osteoporosis risk

Question 12

when should dentists treat renal dialysis patients?

Answer 12

after haemodialysis

Question 13

what should you be wary about as dentist with renal patients?

Answer 13

patients on immune suppressants, steroid side effects and increased cancer risk