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Physiology > Renal: Regulation of Extracellular Fluid Volume and Osmolarity > Flashcards

Renal: Regulation of Extracellular Fluid Volume and Osmolarity Flashcards

1
Q

Average Intake = Average Output

A

Mass Balance

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2
Q

What percentages of our fluids contribute to average intake?

A

60% - Beverages
30% - Food
10% - Metabolism

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3
Q

What is the human body’s average intake and output?

A

Intake - 2.5L/day
(Metabolism = .3 L, Food = .9L, Drink = 1.3L)

Output - 2.5L/day
(Feces = .1L, Respiration/Sweat = .9L, Urine = 1.5L)

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4
Q

What percentages of our fluids contribute to average output?

A

4% - Feces
8% - Sweat
28% - Insensible losses via skin and lungs
60% - Urine

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5
Q

Excess water ingested leads to Increase water excreted because?

A

Blood Flow increases greatly (increases Blood Volume and Pressure)…Vasa Recta washes away gradient

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6
Q

True/False:

With injection of Saline, osmolarity stays the same over time

A

True

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7
Q

True/False:

With injection of Water, osmolarity can change over time

A

True

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8
Q

What’s the Excretion Equation?

“Filtration” is same as “Filtered Load”

A

Excretion = Filtration - Reabsorption + Secretion

*Example for Sodium: Excretion = (GFR x Plasma concentration) - Reabsorption

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9
Q

True/False:

Sodium is filtered, reabsorbed, excreted but not SECRETED

A

True

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10
Q

Water follows Sodium. How does Sodium impact volume and GFR?

A

Decrease Sodium level, Decrease Volume, Decrease GFR

Increase Sodium level, Increase Volume, Increase GFR

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11
Q

How does altering GFR impact sodium excretion?

A

Decrease GFR, Decrease Sodium Excretion

Increase GFR, Increase Sodium Excretion

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12
Q

How does altering GFR impact filtered load of sodium?

A

Decrease GFR, Decrease Filtered Load of Sodium

Increase GFR, Increase Filtered Load of Sodium

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13
Q

a. If Filter Load of Sodium is 100mg/min, what is Excretion of Sodium?
b. If Filter Load of Sodium is 1000mg/min, what is Excretion of Sodium?

A

a. E = 100mg/min - 99mg/min
E= 1 mg/min

b. E = 1000mg/min - 990mg/min
E = 10 mg/min

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14
Q

Baroreceptors release what?

A

Renin

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15
Q

Renin causes Angiotensinogen to form into Angiotensin I Angiotensin II is formed. What are the impacts?

A

Aldosterone secretion, Reabsorption at Proximal Tubule, Sympathetic Activity, Arteriolar vasoconstriction, ADH secretion

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16
Q

Aldosterone secretion, Reabsorption at Proximal Tubule, Sympathetic Activity, Arteriolar vasoconstriction, ADH secretion. All are effects from what?

A

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)

17
Q

When is Angiotensin II released?

A

when there’s LOW BP and BV levels

18
Q

Why is slow flow of the Vasa Recta essential?

A

To maintain the medullary gradient

19
Q

What are the Neurohumoral controls of renal sodium reabsorption?

A

Sympathetic nerves
RAAS
Aldosterone
ANP

20
Q

How do Sympathetic Nerves impact the Renal System?

A

Increase Renin secretion
Increase afferent and efferent arteriole constriction (Decreases GFR)
Increase sodium reabsorption in proximal tubule (Transporter in Proximal Tubule is UNKNOWN)

21
Q

What hormone increases Na channels on apical membrane and Na/K ATPase pumps on basolateral membrane?

A

Aldosterone

22
Q

What hormone increases Aldosterone?

A

Angiotensin II

23
Q

Increases Na/H exchangers in Proximal Tubule (Bicarbonate Reclamation)…increasing Na+ reabsorption

A

Angiotensin II

24
Q

What hormone has stretch receptors and is released when Blood Pressure is too High?

A

ANF/ANP

25
Q

Increased Blood Volume (blood pressure) impacts what?

A

Atrial stretch receptors…Increases ANF/ANP…Decrease Renin and Increase GFR..Decreases Aldosterone…Decreases Collecting Duct Reabsorption
–> Increase Na and Water Excretion

26
Q

ADH impacts water reabsorption. What hormone opens Na+ channels on Apical membrane?

A

ADH

27
Q

The goal for restoration from Volume Contraction is what?

A

Increase BV, BP, Decrease osmolarity

28
Q

The goal for restoration from Volume Expansion is what?

A

Decrease BV, BP, Increase Osmolarity

Physiology (5 decks)

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