Renal Quizzes Flashcards
You are caring for a patient with acute renal failure. WHat is the most common clinical manifestation of acute renal failure?
a.) Decrease in BUN
b.) Anuria
c.) Oliguria
d.) Decrease in serume creatinine
c.) Oliguria
Oliguria = less than 500 mL of urine per day
A nursing instructor is talking with her clinical gorup about patients with acute glomerulonephritis. The instructor tells the students that the patient may exhibit which clinical manifestation?
a.) Hematuria
b.) Decrease in serum creatinine levels
c.) Hypotension
d.) Glucosuria
a.) Hematuria
The nurse is caring for a patient with a history of systemic lupus erythematousus who has been recently diagnosed with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). The patient has an elevated phosphorus level & has been prescribed calcium acetate to bind the phosphorus. What is an important instruction that the nurse should give the patient about how to take the prescribed phosphorus-binding medication?
a.) Only when needed
b.) Daily at bedtime
c.) One hour prior to meals
d.) With each meal
d.) With each meal
Phosphate-binding medications MUST be administered with food to be effective
The nurse is working on the renal transplant unit. To reduce the risk of infection in a patient with a transplanted kidney, it is imperative for the nurse to do what?
a.) Wash hands carefully & frequently
b.) Ensure immediate function of the donated kidney
c.) Instruct the patient to wear a facemask
d.) Restrict visitors
a.) Wash hands carefully & frequently
The nurse is caring for a patient receiving hemodialysis treatments. The patient has had surgery to form an arteriovenous fistula. What is most important for the nurse to be aware of when providing care for the patient?
a.) Using a stethoscope for auscultating the fistula is contraindicated.
b.) The patient feels best immediately after dialysis treatment.
c.) Taking a blood pressure reading on the affected arm can cause clotting of the fistula.
d.) The patient shouldn’t feel pain during initiation of dialysis.
c.) Taking a blood pressure reading on the affected arm can cause clotting of the fistula.
A patient has a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 43 mL/min/1.73 m^2. Based on this GFR, the nurse interprets that the patient’s chronic kidney disease is at what stage?
a.) Stage 1
b.) Stage 2
c.) Stage 3
d.) Stage 4
c.) Stage 3
Stage 1 – GFR >/= 90
Stage 2 – GFR = 60-89
Stage 3 – GFR = 30-59
Stage 4 – GFR = 16 - 29
Stage 5 – GFR > 15
A college football player is brought to the ER by paramedics after a blunt trauma injury received during a game. There is a high suspicion that the patient has sustained an injury to his kidneys from being tackled from behind. The ER nurse caring for the patient reviews the initial orders written by the physician & notes that an order has been written to collect all voided urine & send it to the lab for analysis. The nurse understands that this intervention is important because:
a.) Hematuria is the most common manifestation of renal trauma & blood losses may be microscopic, so lab analysis is essential.
b.) Intake & output calculations are essential & the lab will calculate the precise urine output produced by this patient.
c.) A creatinine clearance study may be ordered at a later time & the lab will hold all urine until it is determined if the test will be necessary.
d.) There is great concern about electrolyte imbalances & the lab will monitor the urine for sodium concentrations.
a.) Hematuria is the most common manifestation of renal trauma & blood losses may be microscopic, so lab analysis is essential
A patient admitted with nephrotic syndrome is being cared for on your unit. When writing this patient’s care plan, based upon the major clinical manifestations of nephrotic syndrome, what nursing diagnosis would you include?
a.) Constipation related to immobility
b.) Risk for injury related to altered thought process
c.) Hyperthermia related to the inflammatory process
d.) Excess fluid volume related to generalized edema
d.) Excess fluid volume related to generalized edema
major clinical manifestation of nephrotic syndrome = edema
The nurse coming on shift is taking a report on 4 patients. What patient does the nurse know is at greatest risk of developing end-stage renal disease (ESRD)?
a.) History of polycystic kidney disease
b.) Diabetes mellitus with poorly controlled hypertension
c.) History of vascular disorders
d.) History of respiratory infections
b.) Diabetes mellitus with poorly controlled hypertension
A patient waiting for a kidney transplant asks the nurse what signs & symptoms most likely indicate rejection. What would be the nurse’s best response?
a.) “Oliguria is a sign of rejection”
b.) “Shortness of breath is a sign of rejection”
c.) “Decreasing blood pressure is a sign of rejection”
d.) “Weight loss is a sign of rejection”
a.) “Oliguria is a sign of rejection”
The nurse is caring for a patient in acute renal failure. The nurse should expect hypertonic glucose, insulin infusions, & sodium bicarbonate to be used to treat:
a.) Hypernatremia
b.) Hypokalemia
c.) Hyperkalemia
d.) Hypercalcemia
c.) Hyperkalemia
Renal failure can have prerenal, renal, or postrenal causes. A patient presents with acute renal failure & is being assessed to determine where, physiologically, the cause is. If the cause is found to be prerenal, which condition most likely caused it?
a.) Heart failure
b.) Glomerulonephritis
c.) Ureterolithiasis
d.) Aminoglycoside toxicity
a.) Heart failure
A 45-year-old man with diabetic nephropathy has end-stage renal failure & is starting dialysis. He asks for information about hemodialysis. What would the nurse include in the teachign for this patient?
a.) Hemodialysis is a treatment option that is required three times a week.
b.) Hemodialsysi is a treatment option that is required daily.
c.) You will have surgery & a catheter will need to be inserted into the abdomen.
d.) Hemodialysis is a treatment that is used for a few months until your kidney heals & starts to produce urine again.
a.) Hemodialysis is a treatment option that is required three times a week
A patient is receiving patient education prior to beginning continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. What would the nurse teach the patient that is the most common complication associated with this procedure?
a.) Peritonitis
b.) Blood loss
c.) Constipation
d.) Dehydration
a.) Peritonitis
peritonitis = redness & swelling of the lining of the abdomen
The nure is planning patient teaching for a patient with end-stage renal disease who is scheduled for the creation of a fistula. The nurse would include which of the following in teaching the patient about the fistula?
a.) A vein and an artery in your arm will be attached surgically.
b.) The arm should be immobilized for 4 to 6 weeks.
c.) One needle will be inserted into the fistula for each dialysis treatment.
d.) The fistula can be used immediately after the surgery for dialysis treatment.
a.) A vein & an artery in your arm will be attached surgically
A patient with ESRD is scheduled for his first hemodialysis treatment. The patient asks the nurse what common complications may occur from the treatment. What would be the nurse’s best response?
a.) “High blood sugar levels & low protein levels may occur”
b.) “Excessive bleeding & double vision may occur”
c.) “Confusion & diarrhea may occur”
d.) “Hypotension & cramping may occur”
d.) “Hypotension & cramping may occur”
